Evidence map›Paper›PMID 17180154›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2007

Multiple socio-economic circumstances and healthy food habits.

T Lallukka, M Laaksonen, O Rahkonen, E Roos, E Lahelma

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Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
98citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

98 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Economic determinants of diet in older adults: systematic review.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2013
    Pooled it
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Article
  10. Residential Socio-Demographic Scoring and Child Growth.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Native American Population.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025
    Review
  13. Observational
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

T LallukkaDepartment of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. tea.lallukka@helsinki.fi
M Laaksonen
O Rahkonen
E Roos
E Lahelma

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine associations between seven indicators of socio-economic circumstances and healthy food habits, while taking into account assumed temporal order between these socio-economic indicators. DESIGN AND

settingData were derived from cross-sectional postal questionnaires in 2000-2002. Socio-economic circumstances were assessed by parental education, childhood economic difficulties, own education, occupational class, household income, home ownership and current economic difficulties. Healthy food habits were measured by an index consisting of consumption of fresh vegetables, fruit or berries, rye bread, fish and choosing vegetable fats on bread and oil in cooking. Sequential logistic regression models were used, adjusting for age and marital status.

participantsEmployees of the City of Helsinki, Finland (n=8960, aged 40-60 years).

resultsHealthy food habits were reported by 28% of women and by 17% of men. Own education, occupational class, household income, home ownership and current economic difficulties were associated with healthy food habits. These associations were attenuated but mainly remained after mutual adjustments for the socio-economic indicators. Among women, a pathway was found suggesting that part of the effects of education on food habits were mediated through occupational class.

conclusionsEmployees in higher and lower socio-economic positions differ in their food habits, and those in lower positions and economically disadvantaged are less likely to report healthy food habits. Health promotion programmes and food policies should encourage healthier food choices among those in lower socio-economic positions and among those with economic difficulties in particular.

Indexed as

Educational StatusFeeding BehaviorIncomeNutrition SurveysAdultAge DistributionConfidence IntervalsCross-Sectional StudiesDietDietary FatsFemaleFinlandFruitHealth PromotionHumansLogistic ModelsDietary Fats

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.