Trial reportHuman immunology2006
Linkage disequilibrium with predisposing DR3 haplotypes accounts for apparent effects of tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin-alpha polymorphisms on type 1 diabetes susceptibility.
Trial report in Human immunology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between TNF gene polymorphisms (-308 A/G, -238 A/G, -1031 C/T and -857 T/C) and genetic susceptibility to T1D: a meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2014Pooled it
- Lymphotoxins Serve as a Novel Orchestrator in T1D Pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Structure of tumor necrosis factor-alpha haploblocks in European populations.Immunogenetics · 2013Article
- Article
- Genetics of type 1 diabetes.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2012Review
- Tumour necrosis factor gene polymorphism and disease prevalence.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2011Review
- Genetics of the HLA region in the prediction of type 1 diabetes.Current diabetes reports · 2011Review
- Genetic variation within the HLA class III influences T1D susceptibility conferred by high-risk HLA haplotypes.Genes and immunity · 2010Article
- Genetic variants of the HLA-A, HLA-B and AIF1 loci show independent associations with type 1 diabetes in Norwegian families.Genes and immunity · 2009Article
- Family-based analysis of tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin-alpha tag polymorphisms with type 1 diabetes in the population of South Croatia.Human immunology · 2009Article
- Joint genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis: from epidemiology to mechanisms.Endocrine reviews · 2008Review
- MHC loci affecting cervical cancer risk: distinguishing the effects of HLA-DQB1 and non-HLA genes TNF, LTA, TAP1 and TAP2.Genes and immunity · 2008Article
- HLA DR-DQ haplotypes and genotypes and type 1 diabetes risk: analysis of the type 1 diabetes genetics consortium families.Diabetes · 2008Article
- Modulation of type 1 diabetes susceptibility by tumor necrosis factor alpha -308 G/A and lymphotoxin alpha +249 A/G haplotypes and lack of linkage disequilibrium with predisposing DQB1-DRB1 haplotypes in Bahraini patients.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2008Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin alpha (LT-alpha) are immunomodulators that have been hypothesized to contribute to susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Several polymorphisms in the TNF and LT-alpha loci have been extensively studied for T1D association, with conflicting reports. In this study, we examined two TNF variants and one LT-alpha variant for T1D association in 283 Caucasian, multiplex T1D families for which complete human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping data are available. Initially, association with T1D was seen for LT-alpha A1069G (intron A, p=0.011, rs909253) and TNF G(-308)A (p<1x10(-5), rs1800629), but no association was observed for TNF G(-238)A (rs361525). After adjusting the data for linkage disequilibrium (LD) with DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes, however, only one polymorphism, TNF G(-238)A showed significant association with T1D (p<0.006). When HLA-DR3 haplotypes were examined, the A allele of TNF G(-238)A was significantly overtransmitted to affected offspring (p<0.009). Including HLA-B data in the analysis revealed that TNF (-238)A is present exclusively on DR3 haplotypes that also carry HLA-B18. Transmission proportion of B18-DR3 haplotypes did not differ between those with TNF (-238)A and those with TNF (-238)G. Thus, variation at TNF does not affect the T1D risk for B18-DR3 haplotypes, and the apparent association of TNF(-238)A with T1D may simply reflect its presence on a high-risk haplotype.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.