Trial reportEuropean journal of applied physiology2007
Respiratory muscle training improves swimming endurance in divers.
Trial report in European journal of applied physiology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of respiratory muscle training on swimming performance, respiratory muscle function, and pulmonary function of competitive swimmers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Inspiratory Muscle Training in Intermittent Sports Modalities: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Recent Advancements in Our Understanding of the Ergogenic Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training in Healthy Humans: A Systematic Review.Journal of strength and conditioning research · 2018Pooled it
- Effect of respiratory muscle training on exercise performance in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2012Pooled it
- Regional tissue oxygenation during high-intensity exercise following voluntary isocapnic hyperpnea versus inspiratory threshold loading in endurance-trained individuals: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Caffeine alters the breathing pattern during high-intensity whole-body exercise in healthy men.European journal of applied physiology · 2022Trial
- Respiratory muscle endurance training: effect on normoxic and hypoxic exercise performance.European journal of applied physiology · 2010Trial
- Pulmonary adaptations to swim and inspiratory muscle training.European journal of applied physiology · 2008Trial
- Comparisons of Respiratory Function and Cardiorespiratory Responses Induced by the Modified Shuttle Walk Test in Children Finswimmers and Age-Matched Sedentary Non-Athletes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Changes in Race Performance During the Underwater Phases of a 200 m Bi-Fins Race Simulation After Application of Respiratory Muscle Training-A Case Study in the Current World Record Holder.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Similar effects on exercise performance following different respiratory muscle training programs in healthy young men.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Oxygen uptake (Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- An Updated Narrative Review on Ergometric Systems Applied to Date in Assessing Divers' Fitness.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Influence of a Six-Week Swimming Training with Added Respiratory Dead Space on Respiratory Muscle Strength and Pulmonary Function in Recreational Swimmers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Article
- Respiratory Muscle Training and Aquatic Sports Performance.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2018Article
- Respiratory Effects of Thoracic Load Carriage Exercise and Inspiratory Muscle Training as a Strategy to Optimize Respiratory Muscle Performance with Load Carriage.Springer science reviews · 2017Article
- The Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training on Fin-Swimmers' Performance.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2017Article
- Effect of additional respiratory muscle endurance training in young well-trained swimmers.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2013Article
- Effects of hyperoxia on ventilation and pulmonary hemodynamics during immersed prone exercise at 4.7 ATA: possible implications for immersion pulmonary edema.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Respiratory muscles can fatigue during prolonged and maximal exercise, thus reducing performance. The respiratory system is challenged during underwater exercise due to increased hydrostatic pressure and breathing resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine if two different respiratory muscle training protocols enhance respiratory function and swimming performance in divers. Thirty male subjects (23.4 +/- 4.3 years) participated. They were randomized to a placebo (PRMT), endurance (ERMT), or resistance respiratory muscle training (RRMT) protocol. Training sessions were 30 min/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. PRMT consisted of 10-s breath-holds once/minute, ERMT consisted of isocapnic hyperpnea, and RRMT consisted of a vital capacity maneuver against 50 cm H(2)O resistance every 30 s. The PRMT group had no significant changes in any measured variable. Underwater and surface endurance swim time to exhaustion significantly increased after RRMT (66%, P < 0.001; 33%, P = 0.003) and ERMT (26%, P = 0.038; 38%, P < 0.001). Breathing frequency (f (b)) during the underwater endurance swim decreased in RRMT (23%, P = 0.034) and tidal volume (V (T)) increased in both the RRMT (12%, P = 0.004) and ERMT (7%, P = 0.027) groups. Respiratory endurance increased in ERMT (216.7%) and RRMT (30.7%). Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures increased following RRMT (12%, P = 0.015, and 15%, P = 0.011, respectively). Results from this study indicate that respiratory muscle fatigue is a limiting factor for underwater swimming performance, and that targeted respiratory muscle training (RRMT > ERMT) improves respiratory muscle and underwater swimming performance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.