Trial reportClinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association2006
Insulin, glucose, insulin resistance, and incident colorectal cancer in male smokers.
Trial report in Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- A burden of proof study of the effects of exposure to high fasting plasma glucose on the risk of seven types of cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- IRS-2 rs1805097 polymorphism is associated with the decreased risk of colorectal cancer.Oncotarget · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A Linear Dose-Response Relationship between Fasting Plasma Glucose and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2015Pooled it
- Serum glucose and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2014Pooled it
- Serum Insulin, Glucose, Indices of Insulin Resistance, and Risk of Lung Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2017Trial
- Higher Glucose and Insulin Levels Are Associated with Risk of Liver Cancer and Chronic Liver Disease Mortality among Men without a History of Diabetes.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2016Trial
- Assessment of Adipokine and Inflammation Biomarkers with Cancer Risk among Chinese Men: A Prospective Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Sex-specific association of novel complex inflammatory markers with colorectal polyps: mediating effects of triglyceride-glucose and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index and cancer risk: a prospective cohort study in Taiwan.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- T2DM may exert a protective effect against digestive system tumors in East Asian populations: a Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Dietary and lifestyle indices for hyperinsulinemia and colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study.BMC gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Effect of insulin resistance on CAC scores in cancer survivors.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2023Article
- Associations between serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and the risk of incident primary liver cancer or chronic liver disease mortality: a nested case-control study.British journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Association between the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio as insulin resistance markers and the risk of colorectal cancer.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- The interaction between glycemic index, glycemic load, and the genetic variant ADIPOQ T45G (rs2241766) in the risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control study in a Korean population.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Associations Between Glycemic Traits and Colorectal Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Article
- Insulin resistance and inflammation mediate the association of abdominal obesity with colorectal cancer risk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) Signaling in Glucose Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Hyperinsulinemia in Obesity, Inflammation, and Cancer.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsHyperinsulinemia is a putative colorectal cancer (CRC) risk factor. Insulin resistance (IR) commonly precedes hyperinsulinemia and can be quantitatively measured by using the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. To date, few studies have directly examined serum insulin as an indicator of CRC risk, and none have reported associations on the basis of HOMA-IR.
methodsWe performed a case-cohort study within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study (n=29,133). Baseline exposure and fasting serum biomarker data were available for 134 incident CRC case and 399 non-case subjects. HOMA-IR was derived as fasting insulin x fasting glucose/22.5. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models.
resultsMedian (interquartile range) values for serum insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR were 4.1 (2.9-7.2) mIU/L, 101 (94-108) mg/dL, and 0.99 (0.69-1.98) for case subjects and 4.1 (2.7-6.1) mIU/L, 99 (93-107) mg/dL, and 1.02 (0.69-1.53) for non-case subjects, respectively. On the basis of comparison of the highest versus lowest quartiles for each biomarker, insulin (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.03-3.30) and HOMA-IR (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.06-3.24) were significantly associated with incident CRC, whereas glucose was marginally associated with incident CRC (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.92-3.13) in age-adjusted risk models. However, trends across biomarker quartiles were somewhat inconsistent (P trend=.12, .04, and .12, respectively), and multivariable adjustment generally attenuated the observed risk estimates.
conclusionsData from this prospective study of male smokers provide limited support for hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and/or insulin resistance as CRC risk factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.