ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2007
Antiparasitic drug nitazoxanide inhibits the pyruvate oxidoreductases of Helicobacter pylori, selected anaerobic bacteria and parasites, and Campylobacter jejuni.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Promising Drug Repurposing Candidates Targeting Free-Living Amoebae: A Systematic and Critical Review of Laboratory-Based Evidence.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Levofloxacin versus moxifloxacin in nitazoxanide-based quadruple therapy as a first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection: NILE, a randomized, comparative, multicenter study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Evaluating the efficacy of nitazoxanide in uncomplicated amebic liver abscess.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2021Trial
- Unravelling the synergistic potential of Olibanum extract and Bacillus clausii in combating intestinal cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- 5-Nitrothiazol-Clofibric Acid Analogs as Potent Agents Against Nitazoxanide-ResistantMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Trichomonas vaginalis Drug Targets and Their Role in Drug Discovery and Development.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Toxic agranulocytosis following nitazoxanide treatment for norovirus diarrhea in a kidney transplant recipient: A case report and review of literature.World journal of transplantation · 2025Article
- Tizoxanide associated with anti-virulent activity controls fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora in Malus asiatica.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Enhancing thiazolide efficacy: C-4 aryl modifications drive selective SARS-CoV-2 inhibition.Future medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- A review of natural products as a source of next-generation drugs against apicomplexan parasites.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Targeting virulence of resistant Escherichia coli by the FDA-approved drugs sitagliptin and nitazoxanide as an alternative antimicrobial approach.Folia microbiologica · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial uncouplers inhibit oncogenic E2F1 activity and prostate cancer growth.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Molecular pathogenesis of Cryptosporidium and advancements in therapeutic interventions.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Review
- Exploring bioactive molecules released during inter- and intraspecific competition: A paradigm for novel antiparasitic drug discovery and design for human use.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Review
- Nitazoxanide controls virus viability through its impact on membrane bioenergetics.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Pyridopyrimidinones as a new chemotype of calcium dependent protein kinase 1 (CDPK1) inhibitors for Cryptosporidium.Molecular and biochemical parasitology · 2024Article
- Formulation and Characterization of β-Cyclodextrins-Nitazoxanide Inclusion Complexes: Enhanced Solubility, In Vitro Drug Release, and Antiviral Activity in Vero Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- New functions of pirin proteins and a 2-ketoglutarate: Ferredoxin oxidoreductase ortholog in Bacteroides fragilis metabolism and their impact on antimicrobial susceptibility to metronidazole and amixicile.MicrobiologyOpen · 2024Article
- Article
- Molecular Periphery Design Allows Control of the New Nitrofurans Antimicrobial Selectivity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nitazoxanide (NTZ) exhibits broad-spectrum activity against anaerobic bacteria and parasites and the ulcer-causing pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Here we show that NTZ is a noncompetitive inhibitor (K(i), 2 to 10 microM) of the pyruvate:ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductases (PFORs) of Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, H. pylori, and Campylobacter jejuni and is weakly active against the pyruvate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. To further mechanistic studies, the PFOR operon of H. pylori was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli, and the multisubunit complex was purified by ion-exchange chromatography. Pyruvate-dependent PFOR activity with NTZ, as measured by a decrease in absorbance at 418 nm (spectral shift from 418 to 351 nm), unlike the reduction of viologen dyes, did not result in the accumulation of products (acetyl coenzyme A and CO(2)) and pyruvate was not consumed in the reaction. NTZ did not displace the thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) cofactor of PFOR, and the 351-nm absorbing form of NTZ was inactive. Optical scans and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance analyses determined that the spectral shift (A(418) to A(351)) of NTZ was due to protonation of the anion (NTZ(-)) of the 2-amino group of the thiazole ring which could be generated with the pure compound under acidic solutions (pK(a) = 6.18). We propose that NTZ(-) intercepts PFOR at an early step in the formation of the lactyl-TPP transition intermediate, resulting in the reversal of pyruvate binding prior to decarboxylation and in coordination with proton transfer to NTZ. Thus, NTZ might be the first example of an antimicrobial that targets the "activated cofactor" of an enzymatic reaction rather than its substrate or catalytic sites, a novel mechanism that may escape mutation-based drug resistance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.