ReviewMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR2006
Impact of protein kinase PKR in cell biology: from antiviral to antiproliferative action.
Review in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 470 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
470 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 813 citations in OpenAlex.
- RNA Drugs and RNA Targets for Small Molecules: Principles, Progress, and Challenges.Pharmacological reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Article
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- Exploration of the protein and pharmacological landscape of monkeypox virus treatment: from entry point to end point.Molecular diversity · 2026Review
- Integrated multi-PTM omics reveals key host pathways in human coronavirus 229E infection.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Structural Transformation of a BRAF Inhibitor into a Selective PKR Inhibitor.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Impacts of trichothecene mycotoxins on human colonic epithelial cells: molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Host-Directed Antiviral Strategies Against Influenza Viruses: Host Targets, Multi-Omics Approaches and AI-Assisted Discovery.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Lost in translation: interferon-stimulated genes targeting flavivirus protein synthesis.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Perturbation of RNA homeostasis impairs mitochondrial respiration during poxvirus infection through excess RNA accumulation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- DHX36 is a regulatory switch in the interferon-mediated antiviral response.Science advances · 2026Article
- In silico analysis of PERK interactions with engineered alpha lactalbumin peptides using molecular dynamics simulations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Uridine analogs prevent stress granule formation, not by blocking PKR recognition, but by inhibiting the synthesis of T7 RNA polymerase byproducts.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Defects in intron recycling suppress the antiviral response via a mechanism of intronic endogenous dsRNA.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Control of retrotransposon-driven activation of the interferon response by the double-stranded RNA binding protein DGCR8.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Engineered VPg saRNA achieves cap-independent, low-immunogenic and precise encoding of therapeutic proteins in vivo.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Systemic removal of host restriction factors enables rapid, scalable virus production for cell culture-based vaccine development.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Universal and quantitative detection of double-stranded RNAs as a signature of pan-virus infections using a luciferase-based biosensor.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Article
- The hidden power of antisense long non-coding RNAs: a dive into a novel regulatory layer mediated by double-stranded RNA formation.RNA biology · 2025Review
410 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR is a critical mediator of the antiproliferative and antiviral effects exerted by interferons. Not only is PKR an effector molecule on the cellular response to double-stranded RNA, but it also integrates signals in response to Toll-like receptor activation, growth factors, and diverse cellular stresses. In this review, we provide a detailed picture on how signaling downstream of PKR unfolds and what are the ultimate consequences for the cell fate. PKR activation affects both transcription and translation. PKR phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 results in a blockade on translation initiation. However, PKR cannot avoid the translation of some cellular and viral mRNAs bearing special features in their 5' untranslated regions. In addition, PKR affects diverse transcriptional factors such as interferon regulatory factor 1, STATs, p53, activating transcription factor 3, and NF-kappaB. In particular, how PKR triggers a cascade of events involving IKK phosphorylation of IkappaB and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation has been intensively studied. At the cellular and organism levels PKR exerts antiproliferative effects, and it is a key antiviral agent. A point of convergence in both effects is that PKR activation results in apoptosis induction. The extent and strength of the antiviral action of PKR are clearly understood by the findings that unrelated viral proteins of animal viruses have evolved to inhibit PKR action by using diverse strategies. The case for the pathological consequences of the antiproliferative action of PKR is less understood, but therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting PKR are beginning to offer promising results.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.