ArticleJournal of virology2007
Nonstructural proteins of respiratory syncytial virus suppress premature apoptosis by an NF-kappaB-dependent, interferon-independent mechanism and facilitate virus growth.
Article in Journal of virology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Programmed cell death in human respiratory syncytial virus infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- RSV-encoded NS2 promotes epithelial cell shedding and distal airway obstruction.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2014Trial
- Live-attenuated vaccines of human respiratory syncytial virus for infants and young children: Progress and prospects of an old yet promising platform.Biosafety and health · 2026Review
- An immune-poised state of human bronchial epithelial cells mediates defense against RSV in adults.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Next-generation single-cycle respiratory syncytial virus vaccines with increased type I interferon induction yield robust systemic and mucosal responses in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Vitamin D disrupts NS1-TUFM interaction to suppress pathogenic mitophagy in RSV-induced mitochondrial injury of bronchial epithelial cells.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- A dual interaction between RSV NS1 and MED25 ACID domain reshapes antiviral responses.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia-1 knockout leads to increased viral propagation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and influenza virus in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and A549 cells: implications in cancer therapy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of human respiratory syncytial virus: Multifunctional nonstructural proteins NS1 and NS2.Virulence · 2024Review
- Enhanced susceptibility of pediatric airway epithelium to respiratory syncytial virus infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Activation of STAT3-mediated ciliated cell survival protects against severe infection by respiratory syncytial virus.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and untargeted metabolomics reveal molecular mechanisms of multi-targets effects of Qingfei Tongluo Plaster improving respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia.Chinese herbal medicines · 2024Article
- Intracellular delivery of antiviral shRNA using penetratin-based complexes effectively inhibits respiratory syncytial virus replication and host cell apoptosis.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Design Using Structure-Based Machine-Learning Models.Viruses · 2024Article
- Prevention and Potential Treatment Strategies for Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Host Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.Viruses · 2023Review
- Antagonism between viral infection and innate immunity at the single-cell level.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The two nonstructural (NS) proteins NS1 and NS2 of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are abundantly expressed in the infected cell but are not packaged in mature progeny virions. We found that both proteins were expressed early in infection, whereas the infected cells underwent apoptosis much later. Coincident with NS protein expression, a number of cellular antiapoptotic factors were expressed or activated at early stages, which included NF-kappaB and phosphorylated forms of protein kinases AKT, phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase, and glycogen synthase kinase. Using specific short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), we achieved significant knockdown of one or both NS proteins in the infected cell, which resulted in abrogation of the antiapoptotic functions and led to early apoptosis. NS-dependent suppression of apoptosis was observed in Vero cells that are naturally devoid of type I interferons (IFN). The siRNA-based results were confirmed by the use of NS-deleted RSV mutants. Early activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the RSV-infected cell did not require NS proteins. Premature apoptosis triggered by the loss of NS or by apoptosis-promoting drugs caused a severe reduction of RSV growth. Finally, recombinantly expressed NS1 and NS2, individually and together, reduced apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor alpha, suggesting an intrinsic antiapoptotic property of both. We conclude that the early-expressed nonstructural proteins of RSV boost viral replication by delaying the apoptosis of the infected cell via a novel IFN- and EGFR-independent pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.