ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2006
Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) in patients with pulmonary complications of rheumatoid arthritis.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04474392 (Sputum Studies of Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies), which is not on this map. Cited by 253 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Sputum Studies of Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies (ACPA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Origins
Who cites it
253 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 487 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Meta-analysis identifies the major impact of patient classification on the ACPA association with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD).Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of the clinical significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios in interstitial lung disease.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of pateclizumab (anti-lymphotoxin-α) compared to adalimumab in rheumatoid arthritis: a head-to-head phase 2 randomized controlled study (The ALTARA Study).Arthritis research & therapy · 2014Trial
- Rheumatoid factor production is genetically and molecularly distinct from rheumatoid arthritis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Autoantibodies and T Cells Target Citrullinated and Homocitrullinated Antigens in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Review
- BAFF as a Key Modulator of Respiratory Mucosal B Cell Immunity in Viral Infection and Mucosal Vaccination.Cells · 2026Review
- NF-κB-activated fibroblasts orchestrate inflammaging and emergence of pro-inflammatory granzyme KImmunity · 2026Article
- Respiratory Organ-on-a-Chip for Disease Modeling: From Architecture to Functional Integration.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Susceptibility to systemic autoimmunity rather than the presence of the HLA-DR4 peptide binding domain alone leads to severe inflammatory arthritis following inhalation of crystalline silica.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2026Article
- Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Causal Link Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Interstitial Lung Disease.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis and immune regulation of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: from basic research to clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- B cells and iBALT in TB immunity & pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Case Report: The entanglement of infection and autoimmunity: a case of Caplan syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunopathogenic Mechanisms in Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: Incessant Loop of Immunity to Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Lung Lymphatics in Edema, Inflammation, and Thrombosis.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2025Review
- Transient lung eosinophilia during breakthrough influenza infection in vaccinated mice is associated with protective and balanced Type 1/2 immune responses.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue: a review of its development and function, including recent findings on the impact of environmental particulate exposure.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
193 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) was originally described as a mucosal lymphoid organ in the lungs of some species. However, while the lungs of naive mice and humans typically lack BALT, pulmonary infection in mice leads to the development of inducible BALT (iBALT), which is located in peribronchial, perivascular, and interstitial areas throughout the lung. Here we investigated whether iBALT forms in patients with a variety of interstitial lung diseases. We show that while iBALT can be found in the lungs of patients suffering from multiple diseases, well-developed iBALT is most prevalent in patients with pulmonary complications of RA and Sjögren syndrome. In these patients, iBALT consisted of numerous B cell follicles containing germinal centers and follicular dendritic cells. A loosely defined T cell area surrounded the B cell follicles while lymphatics and high endothelial venules were found at the B cell/T cell interface. Increased expression of lymphoid-organizing chemokines, such as CXCL13 and CCL21, as well as molecules involved in the immunopathology of RA, such as B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), ICOS ligand, and lymphotoxin, correlated with more well-developed iBALT. Finally, the presence of iBALT correlated with tissue damage in the lungs of RA patients, suggesting that iBALT participates in local RA pathogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.