ArticleArchives of disease in childhood2007
Birth prevalence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias in northern England, 1993-2000.
Article in Archives of disease in childhood, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiology of hypospadias in China: A nationwide surveillance-based study, 2010-2020.Andrology · 2026Article
- Prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism in China: A nationwide population-based surveillance study, 2007-2021.Andrology · 2025Article
- Fetal Renal Duplicated Collecting System at 14-16 Weeks of Gestation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Hypospadias Prevalence and Trends in International Birth Defect Surveillance Systems, 1980-2010.European urology · 2019Article
- Risk factors for cryptorchidism.Nature reviews. Urology · 2017Review
- Commentary: "Estrogenic and Anti-Androgenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Their Impact on the Male Reproductive System".Frontiers in public health · 2015Article
- Possible fetal determinants of male infertility.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2014Review
- Environmental and genetic contributors to hypospadias: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology · 2012Review
- Twelve-year prevalence of common neonatal congenital malformations in Zhejiang Province, China.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2011Article
- Evidence of an environmental contribution to the aetiology of cryptorchidism and hypospadias?European journal of epidemiology · 2007Article
- Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and reproductive health in children: a review of epidemiological studies.Asian journal of andrologyReview
- Trend for hypospadias repair among surgeons in Saudi Arabia: Insights and recommendations.Urology annalsArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThere is much debate as to whether the prevalence rates of cryptorchidism and hypospadias are increasing. To address this issue we investigated the birth prevalence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias in the northern region of England during the period 1993-2000.
methodsCases of cryptorchidism and hypospadias were identified from northern region hospital episodes statistics (HES). Trends in birth prevalence, based on the number of male live births, were assessed using linear regression.
resultsPrevalence was 7.6 per 1000 male live births for cryptorchidism and 3.1 per 1000 male live births for hypospadias. The orchidopexy rates for 0-4 year olds and 5-14 year olds were 1.8 and 0.8 per 1000 male population, respectively. The rates for hypospadias repair for 0-4 year olds and 5-14 year olds were 0.6 and 0.1 per 1000 male population, respectively. There was a statistically significant decreasing temporal trend for the corrective procedure in cryptorchidism of 0.1 per 1000 male population aged under 5 years per annum (95% confidence interval: -0.01 to -0.05, p<0.001), but no temporal change for the corrective procedure in hypospadias (p = 0.60).
conclusionHES data were of high quality for the study period. There was no significant change in the prevalence of surgically corrected hypospadias. However, there was an apparent decline in the prevalence of surgically corrected cryptorchidism that may reflect a decrease in the prevalence of the condition or may be due to a decrease in the rate of surgical intervention.
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