ArticleThe Plant cell2006
Two cytosolic glutamine synthetase isoforms of maize are specifically involved in the control of grain production.
Article in The Plant cell, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 193 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
193 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 501 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetically modified crops are superior in their nitrogen use efficiency-A meta-analysis of three major cereals.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- QTL mapping in three tropical maize populations reveals a set of constitutive and adaptive genomic regions for drought tolerance.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2013Pooled it
- Common genetic control for grain filling duration and kernel weight in grain sorghum.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2026Article
- Glutamine synthetase GLN1;5 and ACT domain repeat ACR1 functionally interact at the seed level in Arabidopsis thaliana.Protoplasma · 2026Article
- Identification of ZmGLN5, a candidate gene for resistance to Gibberella ear rot in maize.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Natural and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing Variations of Dual-uORFs Synergistically Increase the Nutritional Value of Silage Maize Feed.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- A Breeding-Informed Regulatory Screen Identifies ZmSPL19 as a Negative Regulator of Nitrogen-Sufficient Growth in Maize (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Phylogenetic reconciliation provides new insights into the evolutionary diversification of the glutamine synthetase gene family in seed plants.The FEBS journal · 2026Article
- Functional Differences of Glutamine Synthetase Isoenzymes in Wheat Canopy Ammonia Exchange.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Genetic characterization of commercial spring maize germplasm in Northern China for hybrid breeding and trait improvement.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Transcriptional regulation modulates nitrate uptake and utilization ofFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- High-throughput screening for biostimulant discovery: opportunities to enhance nitrogen use efficiency.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Article
- Proteomics analysis of nitrogen stress on the influence of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Do Oxytetracycline and Ciprofloxacin Affect Growth Phenotype, Leaf Photosynthetic Enzyme Activity, Nitrogen Metabolism, and Endogenous Hormone Homeostasis in Maize Seedlings?Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Marine microalgae extracts as plant biostimulant to boost baby leaf lettuce production.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Model-to-crop conserved NUE Regulons enhance machine learning predictions of nitrogen use efficiency.The Plant cell · 2025Article
- Dynamic proteome and acetylome profiling reveals key regulators of sucrose accumulation in sugarcane.Plant cell reports · 2025Article
- Ferredoxin-mediated mechanism for efficient nitrogen utilization in maize.Nature plants · 2025Article
- ZmCCD8 regulates sugar and amino acid accumulation in maize kernels via strigolactone signalling.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
133 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The roles of two cytosolic maize glutamine synthetase isoenzymes (GS1), products of the Gln1-3 and Gln1-4 genes, were investigated by examining the impact of knockout mutations on kernel yield. In the gln1-3 and gln1-4 single mutants and the gln1-3 gln1-4 double mutant, GS mRNA expression was impaired, resulting in reduced GS1 protein and activity. The gln1-4 phenotype displayed reduced kernel size and gln1-3 reduced kernel number, with both phenotypes displayed in gln1-3 gln1-4. However, at maturity, shoot biomass production was not modified in either the single mutants or double mutants, suggesting a specific impact on grain production in both mutants. Asn increased in the leaves of the mutants during grain filling, indicating that it probably accumulates to circumvent ammonium buildup resulting from lower GS1 activity. Phloem sap analysis revealed that unlike Gln, Asn is not efficiently transported to developing kernels, apparently causing reduced kernel production. When Gln1-3 was overexpressed constitutively in leaves, kernel number increased by 30%, providing further evidence that GS1-3 plays a major role in kernel yield. Cytoimmunochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed that GS1-3 is present in mesophyll cells, whereas GS1-4 is specifically localized in the bundle sheath cells. The two GS1 isoenzymes play nonredundant roles with respect to their tissue-specific localization.
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