SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2007
Nutritional modulation of exercise-induced immunodepression in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low-carbohydrate diets and men's cortisol and testosterone: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition and health · 2022Pooled it
- The Potential Role of Korean Mistletoe Extract as an Anti-Inflammatory Supplementation.Journal of immunology research · 2021Trial
- Carbohydrate supplementation does not blunt the prolonged exercise-induced reduction of in vivo immunity.European journal of nutrition · 2016Trial
- Pleuran (β-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) supplementation, cellular immune response and respiratory tract infections in athletes.European journal of applied physiology · 2011Trial
- The triad of collagen, vitamin C, and vitamin E in aging: emerging roles in mood and psychological health, neurotrophic support, cognitive function, endurance, and sarcopenia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Nutraceuticals as Modulators of Immune Function: A Review of Potential Therapeutic Effects.Preventive nutrition and food science · 2023Review
- Review
- Multi-Micronutrient Supplementation and Immunoglobulin Response in Well-Fed Firefighters.Sports medicine international open · 2021Article
- A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System-Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Identification of Urinary Biomarkers for Exercise-Induced Immunosuppression by iTRAQ Proteomics.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- Clinical and laboratory factors contributing to uninterpretable beryllium lymphocyte proliferation tests (BeLPT).American journal of industrial medicine · 2018Article
- Vitamin A Oral Supplementation Induces Oxidative Stress and Suppresses IL-10 and HSP70 in Skeletal Muscle of Trained Rats.Nutrients · 2017Article
- Article
- Effects of Supplementation with BCAA and L-glutamine on Blood Fatigue Factors and Cytokines in Juvenile Athletes Submitted to Maximal Intensity Rowing Performance.Journal of physical therapy science · 2014Article
- Review
- Emerging supplements in sports.Sports health · 2012Article
- Polypodium leucotomos Extract use to prevent and reduce the risk of infectious diseases in high performance athletes.Infection and drug resistance · 2012Article
- Reporting of systematic reviews of micronutrients and health: a critical appraisal.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2009Article
- Vitamin C and exercise-induced immunodepression.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2007Article
- Nutritional and Physical Activity Interventions to Improve Immunity.American journal of lifestyle medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHeavy exercise induces marked immunodepression that is multifactorial in origin. Nutrition can modulate normal immune function.
objectiveTo assess the efficacy of nutritional supplements in exercise-induced immunodepression in athletes.
designSystematic review. REVIEW
methodsRandomised and/or controlled trials of athletes undertaking nutritional supplements to minimise the immunodepression after exercise were retrieved. The primary outcome measure was incidence of upper respiratory tract (URT) illness symptoms after exercise, and secondary outcomes included cortisol, cell counts, plasma cytokine concentration, cell proliferative response, oxidative burst, natural killer cell activity and immunoglobulins. When data were available for a pooled estimate of the effect of intervention, meta-analyses were conducted for direct comparisons.
resultsForty-five studies were included (1603 subjects). The studies were heterogeneous in terms of exercise interventions, selection of athletes, settings and outcomes. The overall methodological quality of most of the trials was poor. Twenty studies addressed carbohydrate supplementation, eight glutamine, 13 vitamin C and four others interventions. Three trials assessed the effect of intervention on prevention of URT infections. The pooled rate ratio for URT infections after vitamin C supplementation against placebo was 0.49 (0.34-0.71). Carbohydrate supplementation attenuated the increase in cortisol and neutrophils after exercise; vitamin C attenuated the decrease in lymphocytes after exercise. No other interventions had significant or consistent effect on any of the studied outcomes.
conclusionsAlthough the prevention of URT infections by vitamin C was supported by two trials, further studies are needed. The available evidence failed to support a role for other nutritional supplements in preventing exercise-induced immune suppression. Larger trials with clinically relevant and uniform end points are necessary to clarify the role of these nutritional interventions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.