ReviewDialogues in clinical neuroscience2006
Surrogate outcomes in neurology, psychiatry, and psychopharmacology.
Review in Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Era of surrogate endpoints and accelerated approvals: a comprehensive review on applicability, uncertainties, and challenges from regulatory, payer, and patient perspectives.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Review
- Search for surrogate markers to predict end stage kidney disease in long term lithium users.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2025Review
- Comparison of Clopidogrel and Ticlopidine/Frontiers in neurology · 2019Article
- Developing biomarkers in mood disorders research through the use of rapid-acting antidepressants.Depression and anxiety · 2014Review
- The role of cognition in cost-effectiveness analyses of behavioral interventions.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2012Article
- Biomarkers in psychiatry: how close are we?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2012Article
- Biomarkers in mood disorders research: developing new and improved therapeutics.Revista de psiquiatria clinicaArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A surrogate outcome can be defined as an outcome that can be observed sooner, at lower cost, or less invasively than the true outcome, and that enables valid inferences about the effect of intervention on the true outcome. There is increasing interest in the use of surrogate outcomes of treatment efficacy measurement in investigational drug trials. However, the significance of surrogate markers of treatment outcome in neurology and psychiatry has not yet been sufficiently demonstrated. Few such markers have been adequately "validated, " that is, shown to predict the effect of the treatment on the clinical outcome of interest. In this article, evidence that would support the validation of such markers is discussed. Biomarkers used during early clinical development programs of new psychotropic compounds are considered in the contexts of Parkinson's disease, affective disorder, and schizophrenia. The particular case of neuroprotective trials is exemplified by Parkinson's disease, where a biomarker substituting for a clinical measure of progression could be considered as a surrogate treatment outcome.
Indexed as
Identifiers
17117616PMC3181822What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.