ReviewAnnals of internal medicine2006
Pharmacogenomics: challenges and opportunities.
Review in Annals of internal medicine, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 280 citations in OpenAlex.
- Homology-Based Variant-Effect Predictors Break Down on Cytochrome P450 Pharmacogenes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- CATVariant: a web server for integrated protein variant interpretation across sequence, structure, population, and clinical evidence.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- New Personalized Medicine Model for Medication Management.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacogenomics-Guided Treatment in Cardiovascular Disease: An Umbrella Review.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Genetically modeled GLP1R and GIPR agonism reduce binge drinking and alcohol-associated phenotypes: a multi-ancestry drug-target Mendelian randomization study.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Genetic and epigenetic architectures of stroke: Insights from GWAS to precision medicine.Neurochemistry international · 2025Review
- Review
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A New Frontier in Treating Alcohol Use Disorder.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring the Pharmacogenetic Landscape: Identification of Clinically Relevant Genotypes by a Nation-Wide Medical Testing Laboratory in Romania.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Knowledge and attitudes towards genomic medicine and pharmacogenomics of medical undergraduate students in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study.Journal of community genetics · 2025Article
- Pharmacogenomics and its Role in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Literature Review.Current cardiology reviews · 2025Review
- Significance and challenges of immunopharmacogenomics.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Treating Cardiovascular Disorders with Personalized Medicine.Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Near, far, wherever you are: phenotype-related variation in pharmacogenomic effect sizes across the psychiatric drug literature.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Pharmacogenomics revolutionizing cardiovascular therapeutics: A narrative review.Health science reports · 2024Article
- From Drug Discovery to Drug Approval: A Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacogenomics Status Quo with a Special Focus on Egypt.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cancer drug sensitivity prediction from routine histology images.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Article
- Drug-microbiota interactions: an emerging priority for precision medicine.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Pharmacogenomics and non-genetic factors affecting drug response in autism spectrum disorder in Thai and other populations: current evidence and future implications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The outcome of drug therapy is often unpredictable, ranging from beneficial effects to lack of efficacy to serious adverse effects. Variations in single genes are 1 well-recognized cause of such unpredictability, defining the field of pharmacogenetics (see Glossary). Such variations may involve genes controlling drug metabolism, drug transport, disease susceptibility, or drug targets. The sequencing of the human genome and the cataloguing of variants across human genomes are the enabling resources for the nascent field of pharmacogenomics (see Glossary), which tests the idea that genomic variability underlies variability in drug responses. However, there are many challenges that must be overcome to apply rapidly accumulating genomic information to understand variable drug responses, including defining candidate genes and pathways; relating disease genes to drug response genes; precisely defining drug response phenotypes; and addressing analytic, ethical, and technological issues involved in generation and management of large drug response data sets. Overcoming these challenges holds the promise of improving new drug development and ultimately individualizing the selection of appropriate drugs and dosages for individual patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.