ArticleParasitology research2007
Oral infection of immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice with Balamuthia mandrillaris amebae.
Article in Parasitology research, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imaging findings of Balamuthia mandrillaris amoebic encephalitis in 2 cases with different prognosis and literature review.BMC neurology · 2025Review
- Strain-dependent immune responses reveal a critical role of IL-17A in defense against Balamuthia mandrillaris.Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2025Article
- Fatal amoebic meningoencephalitis caused byFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Encephalomyelomeningitis Caused byInfection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Various brain-eating amoebae: the protozoa, the pathogenesis, and the disease.Frontiers of medicine · 2021Review
- Diagnostic evaluation of fatal Balamuthia mandrillaris meningoencephalitis in a captive Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) with identification of potential environmental source and evidence of chronic exposure.Primates; journal of primatology · 2021Article
- Encephalomyelitis Caused byFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- First Draft Genome Sequence of Balamuthia mandrillaris, the Causative Agent of Amoebic Encephalitis.Genome announcements · 2015Article
- Serologic survey for exposure following fatal Balamuthia mandrillaris infection.Parasitology research · 2014Article
- Diagnostic challenges in Balamuthia mandrillaris infections.Parasitology research · 2013Article
- Identification of antigenic targets for immunodetection of Balamuthia mandrillaris infection.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2011Article
- Another case of canine amoebic meningoencephalitis--the challenges of reaching a rapid diagnosis.Parasitology research · 2011Article
- Assessment of Balamuthia mandrillaris-specific serum antibody concentrations by flow cytometry.Parasitology research · 2009Article
- Detection of Balamuthia mandrillaris DNA by real-time PCR targeting the RNase P gene.BMC microbiology · 2008Article
- Challenges and advances in the medical treatment of granulomatous amebic encephalitis.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseReview
- Current Status of Acanthamoeba in Iran: A Narrative Review Article.Iranian journal of parasitologyReview
- Balamuthia mandrillaris: Morphology, biology, and virulence.Tropical parasitologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Balamuthia mandrillaris is an opportunistic agent of lethal granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE). In mice, we have shown that intranasally instilled B. mandrillaris amebae infect the brain via the olfactory nerve pathway. In this study, we raised the question whether this ameba might also reach the brain after an oral/gastrointestinal infection. Immunocompetent (WT) and immunodeficient (RAG) mice received B. mandrillaris amebae by gavage into the esophagus. Mice of both groups became ill and some died (WT 20%, RAG 40%) within 42 days. All orally infected mice revealed B. mandrillaris amebae in the central nervous system. Outwardly intact amebae and/or specific antigen were found widely distributed in various organs and the stool. The data indicate that oral infection with B. mandrillaris leading to GAE is possible. Exit from the gastrointestinal tract and dissemination remains unresolved. Though stool cultures were negative, transmission of this highly pathogenic ameba via stool cannot be ruled out.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.