ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006
RNA from the 5' end of the R2 retrotransposon controls R2 protein binding to and cleavage of its DNA target site.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discovery and engineering of avian R2 retrotransposons for all-RNA-mediated targeted DNA integration in human cells.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- DNA-bound avian R2 non-LTR retrotransposon protein recruits a second R2 protein for genome-protective second-strand nicking.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Efficient site-specific gene addition using R2 retrotransposons in tobacco and rice.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Functional analyses identify the L1 ORF2p Cryptic domain as a hub for intramolecular interfaces required for retrotransposition.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Single-turnover kinetic analysis of non-long terminal repeat retrotransposition defines the pathway and rate constants leading to second-strand synthesis.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- In Vivo CAR-T Therapies-A New Era of Programmable Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Temperature and genetic background drive mobilization of diverse transposable elements in a global human fungal pathogen.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Rewriting the genome: harnessing R2 retrotransposons for precise DNA insertion.Frontiers in genome editing · 2026Review
- Biology and utilization of R2 retrotransposons.RNA biology · 2025Review
- Structure and biochemistry-guided engineering of an all-RNA system for DNA insertion with R2 retrotransposons.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Structures of vertebrate R2 retrotransposon complexes during target-primed reverse transcription and after second-strand nicking.Science advances · 2025Article
- Structural and biochemical studies of mobile retrotransposon proteins in action.Current opinion in structural biology · 2025Review
- Discrete measurements of RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase fidelity reveal evolutionary tuning.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Structure and sequence at an RNA template 5' end influence insertion of transgenes by an R2 retrotransposon protein.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Conserved and divergent DNA recognition specificities and functions of R2 retrotransposon N-terminal domains.Cell reports · 2024Article
- The function of twister ribozyme variants in non-LTR retrotransposition in Schistosoma mansoni.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- Article
- Sequence-specific retrotransposition of 28S rDNA-specific LINE R2Ol in human cells.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2019Article
- Novel ribozymes: discovery, catalytic mechanisms, and the quest to understand biological function.Nucleic acids research · 2019Article
- Completion of LINE integration involves an open '4-way' branched DNA intermediate.Nucleic acids research · 2019Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Non-LTR retrotransposons insert into eukaryotic genomes by target-primed reverse transcription (TPRT), a process in which cleaved DNA targets are used to prime reverse transcription of the element's RNA transcript. Many of the steps in the integration pathway of these elements can be characterized in vitro for the R2 element because of the rigid sequence specificity of R2 for both its DNA target and its RNA template. R2 retrotransposition involves identical subunits of the R2 protein bound to different DNA sequences upstream and downstream of the insertion site. The key determinant regulating which DNA-binding conformation the protein adopts was found to be a 320-nt RNA sequence from near the 5' end of the R2 element. In the absence of this 5' RNA the R2 protein binds DNA sequences upstream of the insertion site, cleaves the first DNA strand, and conducts TPRT when RNA containing the 3' untranslated region of the R2 transcript is present. In the presence of the 320-nt 5' RNA, the R2 protein binds DNA sequences downstream of the insertion site. Cleavage of the second DNA strand by the downstream subunit does not appear to occur until after the 5' RNA is removed from this subunit. We postulate that the removal of the 5' RNA normally occurs during reverse transcription, and thus provides a critical temporal link to first- and second-strand DNA cleavage in the R2 retrotransposition reaction.
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