Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2007
Effect of isoniazid prophylaxis on mortality and incidence of tuberculosis in children with HIV: randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 94 papers, 21 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Long Term Study of 2 Isoniazid (INH) Prophylactic Regimens With Concomitant Cotrimoxazole (CTX) in HIV-infected Children - Impact on Morbidity, Mortality, Bacterial Resistance and Incidence of Tuberculosis
A Phase IV Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety of Immediate (Antepartum-Initiated) Versus Deferred (Postpartum-Initiated) Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among HIV-Infected Women in High Tuberculosis (TB) Incidence Settings
A Pharmacokinetics Study Comparing Lopinavir Plasma Exposure When Given as Lopinavir/Ritonavir (1:1) in the Presence of Rifampicin and Lopinavir/Ritonavir (4:1) Without Rifampicin in HIV and TB Co-infected Children in South Africa.
Preventing Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection in HIV-Exposed Infants
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 21 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 254 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tuberculosis in children who are HIV-exposed uninfected.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of preventive treatment among different age groups and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection status: a systematic review and individual-participant data meta-analysis of contact tracing studies.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Incidence density mortality rate among HIV-positive children on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Incidence rate of tuberculosis among HIV infected children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of different regimens in the treatment of patients with latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Pooled it
- Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for Prevention of Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review of Implementation and Impacts.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Tuberculosis preventive therapy for people living with HIV: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- The risk of tuberculosis in children after close exposure: a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis.Lancet (London, England) · 2020Pooled it
- Guidelines for the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC, 2020.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2020Pooled it
- The protective effect of isoniazid preventive therapy on tuberculosis incidence among HIV positive patients receiving ART in Ethiopian settings: a meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Isoniazid for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2018Pooled it
- Isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in HIV-infected children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- The impact of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on TB risk in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Thorax · 2017Pooled it
- Antibiotics for preventing lower respiratory tract infections in high-risk children aged 12 years and under.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Efficacy of isoniazid prophylactic therapy in prevention of tuberculosis in children: a meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2014Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Randomized controlled trials of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment in Africa: results from the Cochrane HIV/AIDS Specialized Register.PloS one · 2011Pooled it
- HIV: primary and secondary prophylaxis for opportunistic infections.BMJ clinical evidence · 2010Pooled it
- A systematic review of the reporting of Data Monitoring Committees' roles, interim analysis and early termination in pediatric clinical trials.BMC pediatrics · 2009Pooled it
- Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections among HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2009Guideline
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the impact of isoniazid prophylaxis on mortality and incidence of tuberculosis in children with HIV.
designTwo centre prospective double blind placebo controlled trial.
participantsChildren aged > or =8 weeks with HIV.
interventionsIsoniazid or placebo given with co-trimoxazole either daily or three times a week.
settingTwo tertiary healthcare centres in South Africa.
main outcome measuresMortality, incidence of tuberculosis, and adverse events.
resultsData on 263 children (median age 24.7 months) were available when the data safety monitoring board recommended discontinuing the placebo arm; 132 (50%) were taking isoniazid. Median follow-up was 5.7 (interquartile range 2.0-9.7) months. Mortality was lower in the isoniazid group than in the placebo group (11 (8%) v 21 (16%), hazard ratio 0.46, 95% confidence interval 0.22 to 0.95, P=0.015) by intention to treat analysis. The benefit applied across Centers for Disease Control clinical categories and in all ages. The reduction in mortality was similar in children on three times a week or daily isoniazid. The incidence of tuberculosis was lower in the isoniazid group (5 cases, 3.8%) than in the placebo group (13 cases, 9.9%) (hazard ratio 0.28, 0.10 to 0.78, P=0.005). All cases of tuberculosis confirmed by culture were in children in the placebo group.
conclusionsProphylaxis with isoniazid has an early survival benefit and reduces incidence of tuberculosis in children with HIV. Prophylaxis may offer an effective public health intervention to reduce mortality in such children in settings with a high prevalence of tuberculosis.
trial registrationClinical Trials NCT00330304.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.