ArticleCritical care (London, England)2006
Causes of death and determinants of outcome in critically ill patients.
Article in Critical care (London, England), 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05898126 (Effect of Personalized Hemodynamic Management Based on Serum Renin Concentration on Acute Kidney Injury Progression in Patients With Shock), which is not on this map. Cited by 108 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Personalized Hemodynamic Management Based on Serum Renin Concentration on Acute Kidney Injury Progression in Patients With Shock: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 251 citations in OpenAlex.
- Restrictive vs. Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Neurocritical care · 2026Pooled it
- Negative pressure wound therapy for managing the open abdomen in non-trauma patients.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Sarcopenia as a predictor of mortality among the critically ill in an intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Non-invasive ventilation as a strategy for weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis.Intensive care medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A meta-analysis to derive literature-based benchmarks for readmission and hospital mortality after patient discharge from intensive care.Critical care (London, England) · 2014Pooled it
- Profile of adult intensive care units in Brazil: systematic review of observational studies.Revista Brasileira de terapia intensivaPooled it
- Early non-invasive cardiac output monitoring in hemodynamically unstable intensive care patients: a multi-center randomized controlled trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2011Trial
- Continuation of direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin during critical illness: bleeding and clinical outcomes in a multicenter ICU cohort.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2026Article
- Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- HA-UCMSCs as an innovative therapy for treating multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- The effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics administration on the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients undergoing ECPR.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- The value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in lower respiratory tract infections among critically ill patients in the ICU.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal SOFA score trajectories and risk stratification in ICU patients withFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Knockoff-ML: a knockoff machine learning framework for controlled variable selection and risk stratification in electronic health record data.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Enteral Nutrition in Critical Care: Pathogenesis, Complications, and the Therapeutic Promise of Mediterranean-Style Diets.Current gastroenterology reports · 2025Review
- Association of 24-Hour blood pressure average real variability with poor prognosis in critically ill patients with coronary artery disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A pilot multicenter randomized controlled trial on individualized blood pressure targets versus standard care among critically ill patients with shock.Journal of intensive care · 2025Article
- A deep learning model for clinical outcome prediction using longitudinal inpatient electronic health records.JAMIA open · 2025Article
- A Critical Reappraisal of Haloperidol for Delirium Management in the Intensive Care Unit: Perspective from Psychiatry.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionWhereas most studies focus on laboratory and clinical research, little is known about the causes of death and risk factors for death in critically ill patients.
methodsThree thousand seven hundred patients admitted to an adult intensive care unit (ICU) were prospectively evaluated. Study endpoints were to evaluate causes of death and risk factors for death in the ICU, in the hospital after discharge from ICU, and within one year after ICU admission. Causes of death in the ICU were defined according to standard ICU practice, whereas deaths in the hospital and at one year were defined and grouped according to the ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) score. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were separately calculated to identify independent risk factors for death during the given time periods.
resultsAcute, refractory multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was the most frequent cause of death in the ICU (47%), and central nervous system failure (relative risk [RR] 16.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.3 to 31.4, p < 0.001) and cardiovascular failure (RR 11.83, 95% CI 5.2 to 27.1, p < 0.001) were the two most important risk factors for death in the ICU. Malignant tumour disease and exacerbation of chronic cardiovascular disease were the most frequent causes of death in the hospital (31.3% and 19.4%, respectively) and at one year (33.2% and 16.1%, respectively).
conclusionIn this primarily surgical critically ill patient population, acute or chronic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome prevailed over single-organ failure or unexpected cardiac arrest as a cause of death in the ICU. Malignant tumour disease and chronic cardiovascular disease were the most important causes of death after ICU discharge.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.