ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2006
Microbiology of acute otitis media in children with tympanostomy tubes: prevalences of bacteria and viruses.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 214 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial otitis media in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Predominant Bacteria Detected from the Middle Ear Fluid of Children Experiencing Otitis Media: A Systematic Review.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Latest research hot spots of tympanostomy tube: A bibliometric analysis and visualized review.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Review
- Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections in adolescents and young adults: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- From Anatomy to Application: A Comprehensive Review of Nanovesicular Systems for Otic Drug Delivery.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Nanowire-Mediated Eradication of Polymicrobial Biofilms.ACS omega · 2026Article
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- Twenty years of human bocavirus research: from an unculturable virus of unclear pathogenicity to a culturable human pathogen and gene therapy vector candidate.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Bacterial profile, their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors of otitis media among children at selected private hospitals in Hargeisa City, Somaliland.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A global perspective on the genomics ofMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Bromelain Supplementation in the Management of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Visual and fluorescent detection ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- Incidence and Characteristics of Pediatric Patients with Acute Otitis Hospitalized in a Romanian Infectious Diseases Hospital.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Case-control study of relationship of infection by respiratory viruses with acute otitis media in Chinese children.Heliyon · 2023Article
- A cooperativity between virus and bacteria during respiratory infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Ototopical therapies for post tympanostomy tube otorrhoea in children.Translational pediatrics · 2022Article
- Surfactant proteins and innate immunity of otitis media.Innate immunity · 2022Review
- Review
- A Retrospective Database Analysis to Estimate the Burden of Acute Otitis Media in Children Aged <15 Years in the Veneto Region (Italy)Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBacteria are found in 50%-90% of cases of acute otitis media (AOM) with or without otorrhea, and viruses are found in 20%-49% of cases. However, for at least 15% of patients with AOM, the microbiological etiology is never determined. Our aim was to specify the full etiology of acute middle ear infection by using modern microbiological methods concomitantly for bacterial and viral detection.
methodsThe subjects were 79 young children having AOM with new onset (<48 h) of otorrhea through a tympanostomy tube. Middle ear fluid samples were suctioned from the middle ear through the tympanostomy tube. Bacteria were sought by culture and polymerase chain reaction; viruses were analyzed by culture, antigen detection, and polymerase chain reaction.
resultsAt least 1 respiratory tract pathogen was noted in 76 children (96%). Bacteria were found in 73 cases (92%), and viruses were found in 55 (70%). In 52 patients (66%), both bacteria and viruses were found. Bacteria typical of AOM were detected in 86% of patients. Picornaviruses accounted for 60% of all viral findings.
conclusionsIn the great majority of children, AOM is a coinfection with bacteria and viruses. The patent tympanostomy tube does not change the spectrum of causative agents in AOM. A microbiological etiology can be established in practically all cases.
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