ArticleAmerican journal of public health2006
The influence of race, ethnicity, and individual socioeconomic factors on breast cancer stage at diagnosis.
Article in American journal of public health, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of factors associated with the patient and diagnostic intervals in gastric cancer.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026Pooled it
- Do community health worker interventions improve rates of screening mammography in the United States? A systematic review.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2011Pooled it
- Obesity and mammography: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2009Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of interventions to promote mammography among ethnic minority women.Nursing researchPooled it
- Family/friend recommendations and mammography intentions: the roles of perceived mammography norms and support.Health education research · 2015Trial
- A cluster randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of patient navigation in improving quality of diagnostic care for patients with breast or colorectal cancer abnormalities.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2012Trial
- Engaging diverse underserved communities to bridge the mammography divide.BMC public health · 2011Trial
- Celebremos la Salud: a community-based intervention for Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women living in a rural area.Journal of community health · 2009Trial
- Ethnic differences in healthcare utilisation and diagnosis after first presentation with breathlessness: a retrospective cohort study using UK primary care records.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Screen-detected breast cancer and cancer stage by area-level deprivation: a descriptive analysis using data from the National Cancer Registry Ireland.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Minority Health Social Vulnerability and Its Association with Cancer Incidence: A Nationwide Ecological Investigation.Clinical medicine & research · 2024Article
- Social determinants of health and health inequities in breast cancer screening: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Knowledge regarding breast cancer among Congolese women in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Disparities in Primary Breast Cancer Stage at Presentation Among Hispanic Subgroups.Annals of surgical oncology · 2022Article
- Differences in Breast Cancer Presentation at Time of Diagnosis for Black and White Women in High Resource Settings.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2021Review
- Breast cancer screening outcomes among Mexican-origin Hispanic women participating in a breast cancer screening program.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Mammography Screening Among Latinas: Does Gender and Ethnic Patient-Physician Concordance Matter?Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2021Article
- Socioeconomic and Surgical Disparities are Associated with Rapid Relapse in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Annals of surgical oncology · 2021Article
- Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesPrevious research has generally found that racial/ethnic differences in breast cancer stage at diagnosis attenuate when measures of socioeconomic status are included in the analysis, although most previous research measured socioeconomic status at the contextual level. This study investigated the relation between race/ethnicity, individual socioeconomic status, and breast cancer stage at diagnosis.
methodsWomen with stage 0 to III breast cancer were identified from population-based data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results tumor registries in the Detroit and Los Angeles metropolitan areas. These data were combined with data from a mailed survey in a sample of White, Black, and Hispanic women (n=1700). Logistic regression identified factors associated with early-stage diagnosis.
resultsBlack and Hispanic women were less likely to be diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer than were White women (P< .001). After control for study site, age, and individual socioeconomic factors, the odds of early detection were still significantly less for Hispanic women (odds ratio [OR]=0.45) and Black women (OR = 0.72) than for White women. After control for the method of disease detection, the White/Black disparity attenuated to insignificance; the decreased likelihood of early detection among Hispanic women remained significant (OR=0.59).
conclusionThe way in which racial/ethnic minority status and socioeconomic characteristics produce disparities in women's experiences with breast cancer deserves further research and policy attention.
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