ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2007
Synthetic consolidants attacked by melanin-producing fungi: case study of the biodeterioration of Milan (Italy) cathedral marble treated with acrylics.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biodeterioration Control of the Longhu Pagoda Stone Heritage, China: Identification of Deteriogens and Evaluation of Biocidal Efficacy.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Degradation of Synthetic Restoration Materials by Xerotolerant/Xerophilic Fungi Contaminating Canvas Paintings.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Diversity of Rock-Inhabiting Fungi in Tarragona Province, Spain.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Degradation Potential of Xerophilic and Xerotolerant Fungi Contaminating Historic Canvas Paintings.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Seasonal Variations in Fungal Communities on the Surfaces of Lan Na Sandstone Sculptures and Their Biodeterioration Capacities.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Multidisciplinary Approach in Examining the Susceptibility to Microbial Attack of Polyacrylic and Polyurethane Resins Used in Art Restoration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Biocontamination and diversity of epilithic bacteria and fungi colonising outdoor stone and mortar sculptures.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Functions of fungal melanin beyond virulence.Fungal biology reviews · 2017Article
- Microbial deterioration of artistic tiles from the façade of the Grande Albergo Ausonia & Hungaria (Venice, Italy).Microbial ecology · 2011Article
- Joint dispersal does not imply maintenance of partnerships in lichen symbioses.Microbial ecology · 2010Article
- Weathering patinas on the medieval (S. XIV) stained glass windows of the Pedralbes Monastery (Barcelona, Spain).Environmental science and pollution research international · 2009Article
- Microorganisms attack synthetic polymers in items representing our cultural heritage.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2008Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Monuments and artistic stone surfaces are often consolidated and protected with synthetic polymers, in particular, acrylics. Although it is generally thought that acrylic polymers are resistant to biodeterioration, we report for the first time the systematic occurrence of dematiaceous meristematic fungi on many marble samples of the cathedral in Milan (Italy) previously treated with this material. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy applied to the Milan cathedral stone samples revealed characteristic features of biodeteriorated synthetic resins that differentiated them from the aged but nonbiodeteriorated samples. Samples showing biological colonization were analyzed for the presence of fungi. Cultivation and morphological characterization and methods independent from cultivation, such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis coupled with partial 18S rRNA gene sequencing and immunofluorescence staining with melanin-binding antibodies, showed that melanin-producing species are heavily present on stone surfaces protected with acrylic resins. This observation raises the question of the effectiveness of acrylics in protecting stone artworks.
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