ArticleThe EMBO journal1991
Evolution of immunoglobulin light chain genes: analysis of Xenopus IgL isotypes and their contribution to antibody diversity.
Article in The EMBO journal, 1991. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Larval T Cells Are Functionally Distinct from Adult T Cells in Xenopus laevis.ImmunoHorizons · 2023Article
- The immunoglobulins of cartilaginous fishes.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2021Review
- The Immune System and the Antiviral Responses in Chinese Giant Salamander,Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Article
- A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2018Review
- Diversity of Immunoglobulin Light Chain Genes in Non-Teleost Ray-Finned Fish Uncovers IgL Subdivision into Five Ancient Isotypes.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Article
- Origin and evolution of the adaptive immune system: genetic events and selective pressures.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2010Review
- Comparative and developmental study of the immune system in Xenopus.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2009Review
- Identification of Igsigma and Iglambda in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and Iglambda in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.Immunogenetics · 2009Article
- Evolutionary redefinition of immunoglobulin light chain isotypes in tetrapods using molecular markers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2008Article
- Four primordial immunoglobulin light chain isotypes, including lambda and kappa, identified in the most primitive living jawed vertebrates.European journal of immunology · 2007Article
- The complexity of expressed kappa light chains in egg-laying mammals.Immunogenetics · 2004Article
- Characterization and expression of the immunoglobulin light chain in the fugu: evidence of a solitaire type.Immunogenetics · 2004Article
- Composite exon structure of an unusual Ig lambda-like gene located at human 22q11 position.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 1996Article
- The recombination activation gene 1 (RAG1) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): cloning, expression, and phylogenetic analysis.Immunogenetics · 1995Article
- Immunoglobulin light chain class multiplicity and alternative organizational forms in early vertebrate phylogeny.Immunogenetics · 1994Article
- Isolation of a shark immunoglobulin light chain cDNA clone encoding a protein resembling mammalian kappa light chains: implications for the evolution of light chains.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1993Article
- Article
- What limits affinity maturation of antibodies in Xenopus--the rate of somatic mutation or the ability to select mutants?The EMBO journal · 1992Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The amphibian Xenopus laevis expresses several types of immunoglobulin light chain (IgL). cDNA clones for two IgL isotypes, C sigma 1 and C sigma 2, were analysed. C sigma is expressed in spleen and mitogen-stimulated B cells, like another Xenopus IgL type, termed C rho. C sigma shares less than 33% residues with C rho or with CL regions of shark, chicken and mammals. This suggests that C sigma diverged from a common ancestor of CL regions before or at the emergence of amphibians. Two families of VL elements, V sigma 1 and V sigma 2 are associated with C sigma (but not with C rho). They rearrange to their own set of JL elements, J sigma 1 and J sigma 2, which are poorly related to other J elements of the Ig gene family. The Xenopus genome contains a few V sigma 2 and multiple V sigma 1 elements (comparable with mammalian V kappa), but only two C sigma genes. Thus, the organization and expression of Xenopus IgL loci are apparently similar to mammalian IgL loci but different from shark and chicken IgL loci. Only a few VL elements are expressed, since cDNA clones show extensive sharing of CDR1 and CDR2 sequences; some clones differ only in CDR3. Rearranging VL and JL elements increases CDR3 diversity in both V sigma families, but abortive rearrangements are frequent in V sigma 1 regions. The very poor heterogeneity of expressed VL elements therefore appears to limit antibody diversity in Xenopus.
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