ReviewArchives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition2006
Pharmacological therapy for analgesia and sedation in the newborn.
Review in Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of facilitated tucking position during painful procedure in pain management of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2020Pooled it
- [Ultrasound-guided caudal block with ropivacaine in infraumbilical surgeries in pediatric patients].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2023Trial
- Pharmacologic Management of Pain in Children: Balancing Evidence, Safety, and Clinical Challenges.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Analgesia and sedation trends in a level IV NICU, 2014-2024: Opioid and dexmedetomidine use.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Evaluation of potential drug-drug interactions in the neonatal intensive care unit with two different decision support software: a retrospective study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Dexmedetomidine as a Short-Use Analgesia for the Immature Nervous System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Paper-Based Analytical Device Based on Potentiometric Transduction for Sensitive Determination of Phenobarbital.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Combination of ketamine and fentanyl (KetaFent) for safe insertion of ultrasound-guided central venous catheters in infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Pre- and Postnatal Maturation are Important for Fentanyl Exposure in Preterm and Term Newborns: A Pooled Population Pharmacokinetic Study.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2022Article
- Pain in Preterm Infants: Different Perspectives.The Journal of perinatal education · 2021Article
- Future roles of artificial intelligence in early pain management of newborns.Paediatric & neonatal pain · 2021Review
- Clinical and Economic Evaluation of the Impact of Midazolam on Morphine Therapy for Pain Relief in Critically Ill Ventilated Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Paediatric drugs · 2021Article
- Study protocol: parents as pain management in Swedish neonatal care - SWEpap, a multi-center randomized controlled trial.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- Safety of fentanyl for peripherally inserted central catheter in non-intubated infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2018Observational
- Trends in narcotics and sedative use during mechanical ventilation of preterm infants in Canadian neonatal intensive care units.Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2018Article
- Safety and efficacy of nurse-controlled analgesia in patients less than 1 year of age.Journal of pain research · 2016Article
- Missed Opportunities for Sedation and Pain Management at a Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, India.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2016Article
- Neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine on hyperoxia-induced toxicity in the neonatal rat brain.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2015Article
- Pain management in newborns.Clinics in perinatology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedDosage error in article text
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Rapid advances have been made in the use of pharmacological analgesia and sedation for newborns requiring neonatal intensive care. Practical considerations for the use of systemic analgesics (opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, other drugs), local and topical anaesthetics, and sedative or anaesthetic agents (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, other drugs) are summarised using an evidence-based medicine approach, while avoiding mention of the underlying basic physiology or pharmacology. These developments have inspired more humane approaches to neonatal intensive care. Despite these advances, little is known about the clinical effectiveness, immediate toxicity, effects on special patient populations, or long-term effects after neonatal exposure to analgesics or sedatives. The desired or adverse effects of drug combinations, interactions with non-pharmacological interventions or use for specific conditions also remain unknown. Despite the huge gaps in our knowledge, preliminary evidence for the use of neonatal analgesia and sedation is available, but must be combined with a clear definition of clinical goals, continuous physiological monitoring, evaluation of side effects or tolerance, and consideration of long-term clinical outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.