ArticleJournal of molecular biology2006
Mosaic structure of human coronavirus NL63, one thousand years of evolution.
Article in Journal of molecular biology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers.
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Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human alphacoronavirus replication and innate immune induction in airway culture systems.mBio · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics and phylogeography of HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 in Thailand, 2024-2025.PloS one · 2026Article
- Current Status and Challenges of Vaccine Development for Seasonal Human Coronaviruses.Vaccines · 2025Review
- From zoonotic spillover to endemicity: the broad determinants of human coronavirus tropism.mBio · 2025Review
- Spatial Transcriptomics and Single Cell-RNASeq Reveals Cellular Heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 in Lung Tissues and Global Mutational Patterns in COVID-19 Patients.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Patterns of Recombination in Coronaviruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Untreated HIV-1 infection and low CD4+ T cell counts and their effect on endemic human coronavirus (re)infection.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Docking heparan sulfate-based ligands as a promising inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2.Journal of molecular modeling · 2024Article
- Discordant phylodynamic and spatiotemporal transmission patterns driving the long-term persistence and evolution of human coronaviruses.Npj viruses · 2024Article
- Cellular dynamics shape recombination frequency in coronaviruses.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Endemic Coronavirus Infections are Associated with Strong Homotypic Immunity in a US Cohort of Children from Birth to 4 Years.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Viral Evolution, Immune Evasion, and Alternative Durable Therapeutic Strategies.Viruses · 2024Review
- Transmembrane conformation of the envelope protein of an alpha coronavirus, NL63.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024Article
- Characterization of the emerging recombinant infectious bronchitis virus in China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Human Challenge Studies with Coronaviruses Old and New.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2: pathogenesis, therapeutics, variants, and vaccines.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Adaptive variations in SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins: effects on distinct virus-cell entry stages.mBio · 2023Article
- The coronavirus recombination pathway.Cell host & microbe · 2023Review
- Unravelling Antigenic Cross-Reactions toward the World of Coronaviruses: Extent of the Stability of Shared Epitopes and SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Evaluating the Virology and Evolution of Seasonal Human Coronaviruses Associated with the Common Cold in the COVID-19 Era.Microorganisms · 2023Review
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Before the SARS outbreak only two human coronaviruses (HCoV) were known: HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E. With the discovery of SARS-CoV in 2003, a third family member was identified. Soon thereafter, we described the fourth human coronavirus (HCoV-NL63), a virus that has spread worldwide and is associated with croup in children. We report here the complete genome sequence of two HCoV-NL63 clinical isolates, designated Amsterdam 57 and Amsterdam 496. The genomes are 27,538 and 27,550 nucleotides long, respectively, and share the same genome organization. We identified two variable regions, one within the 1a and one within the S gene, whereas the 1b and N genes were most conserved. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HCoV-NL63 genomes have a mosaic structure with multiple recombination sites. Additionally, employing three different algorithms, we assessed the evolutionary rate for the S gene of group Ib coronaviruses to be approximately 3 x 10(-4) substitutions per site per year. Using this evolutionary rate we determined that HCoV-NL63 diverged in the 11th century from its closest relative HCoV-229E.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.