ArticleMediators of inflammation2006
The levels of ghrelin, leptin, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma due to HBV and HDV infection.
Article in Mediators of inflammation, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlations between circulating adipokines and hepatocellular carcinoma: a Systematic Review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Is there an effect of ghrelin/ghrelin analogs on cancer? A systematic review.Endocrine-related cancer · 2016Pooled it
- The traditional Japanese medicine Rikkunshito increases the plasma level of ghrelin in humans and mice.Journal of gastroenterology · 2010Trial
- Assessment of ghrelin serum level and gene polymorphism as a risk factor in progression of chronic viral hepatitis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hepatocellular carcinoma patients serum modulates the regenerative capacities of adipose mesenchymal stromal cells.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Statin therapy: a potential adjuvant to immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective role of ghrelin against NAFLD progression.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2023Review
- Pharmacokinetics under the COVID-19 storm.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Article
- Ghrelin regulating liver activity and its potential effects on liver fibrosis andFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Role of the Ghrelin System in Colitis and Hepatitis as Risk Factors for Inflammatory-Related Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Leptin Enhances Hepatic Fibrosis and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Cholestasis.The American journal of pathology · 2022Article
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in HIV/HBV Patients - a Metabolic Imbalance Aggravated by Antiretroviral Therapy and Perpetuated by the Hepatokine/Adipokine Axis Breakdown.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Current Strategies for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment via Nano-Delivery Systems: A Review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Review
- Construction and experimental verification of user-friendly molecular subtypes mediated by immune-associated genes in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Chemotherapeutic Drug-Regulated Cytokines Might Influence Therapeutic Efficacy in HCC.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- Methotrexate-Related Liver Cirrhosis in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2021Article
- Role of Leptin in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Effect of Supplementation of Fermented Yeast Culture on Hormones and Their Receptors on Exposure to Higher Temperature and on Production Performance after Exposure in Nicobari Chickens.International journal of endocrinology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimMalnutrition, a common problem in liver cirrhosis and HCC, may readily deteriorate the clinical functions with resultant poor prognosis. Beside the hyper catabolic state frequently encountered in chronic liver disease and HCC, anorexia and reduced food intake also worsen the malnutrition. The recently discovered peptide hormone ghrelin acts as a counterpart of leptin in regulation of food intake and fat utilization. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ghrelin and leptin levels in cirrhosis and HCC due to hepatitis B and D viruses, and the association of ghrelin and leptin with TNF-alpha, IL-6 and the severity of the disease. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe measured serum ghrelin, leptin, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 levels using specific immunoassay in 45 patients (23 cirrhosis, 22 HCC) with HBV and/or HDV and in 25 control subjects.
resultsIn comparison to controls, serum ghrelin, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in cirrhosis and HCC (P < .05), whereas serum leptin levels were found decreased (P < .05). There was a positive correlation between ghrelin and TNF-alpha, and a negative correlation between leptin and TNF-alpha (P < .05).
conclusionIn cirrhosis and HCC due to HBV or HDV, serum ghrelin levels were increased with a corresponding decrease in serum leptin concentrations, acting as a physiological counterpart of ghrelin. The increasing of ghrelin is more prominent in Child C cirrhosis and the level was correlated with TNF-alpha. The presence of nutritional and metabolic abnormalities, including malnutrition, in cirrhosis and HCC may, at least partly, elucidate high ghrelin and low leptin levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.