ArticleJournal of virology2006
At least 50% of human-specific HERV-K (HML-2) long terminal repeats serve in vivo as active promoters for host nonrepetitive DNA transcription.
Article in Journal of virology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recurrent ZC3H18 mutations stabilize oncogenic endogenous retroviral RNA.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Characterization of HERV-K (HML-2) Rec proteins encoded in the human genome and their post-transcriptional function.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- HERVK-mediated regulation of neighboring genes: implications for breast cancer prognosis.Retrovirology · 2024Article
- The Molecular Impacts of Retrotransposons in Development and Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Molecular architecture and conservation of an immature human endogenous retrovirus.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Molecular architecture and conservation of an immature human endogenous retrovirus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Locus specific endogenous retroviral expression associated with Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- p53 Binding Sites in Long Terminal Repeat 5Hs (LTR5Hs) of Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Family (HML-2 Subgroup) Play Important Roles in the Regulation of LTR5Hs Transcriptional Activity.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Characterization of DNA methylation and promoter activity of long terminal repeat elements of feline endogenous retrovirus RDRS C2a.Virus genes · 2022Article
- Alternative and aberrant splicing of human endogenous retroviruses in cancer. What about head and neck? -A mini review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Endogenous Retroviruses (ERVs): Does RLR (RIG-I-Like Receptors)-MAVS Pathway Directly Control Senescence and Aging as a Consequence of ERV De-Repression?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- SMARCB1 deletion in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors results in human endogenous retrovirus K (HML-2) expression.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Viral Causality of Human Cancer and Potential Roles of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in the Multi-Omics Era: An Evolutionary Epidemiology Review.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Haplotype Shuffling and Dimorphic Transposable Elements in the Human Extended Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Region.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Article
- Differences between human and chimpanzee genomes and their implications in gene expression, protein functions and biochemical properties of the two species.BMC genomics · 2020Review
- Viral Symbiosis in the Origins and Evolution of Life with a Particular Focus on the Placental Mammals.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2020Article
- HIV-1 Rev interacts with HERV-K RcREs present in the human genome and promotes export of unspliced HERV-K proviral RNA.Retrovirology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We report the first genome-wide comparison of in vivo promoter activities of a group of human-specific endogenous retroviruses in healthy and cancerous germ line tissues. To this end, we employed a recently developed technique termed genomic repeat expression monitoring. We found that at least 50% of human-specific long terminal repeats (LTRs) possessed promoter activity, and many of them were up- or downregulated in a seminoma. Individual LTRs were expressed at markedly different levels, ranging from approximately 0.001 to approximately 3% of the housekeeping beta-actin gene transcript level. We demonstrated that the main factors affecting the LTR promoter activity were the LTR type (5'-proviral, 3' proviral, or solitary) and position with regard to genes. The averaged promoter strengths of solitary and 3'-proviral LTRs were almost identical in both tissues, whereas 5'-proviral LTRs displayed two- to fivefold higher promoter activities. The relative content of promoter-active LTRs in gene-rich regions was significantly higher than that in gene-poor loci. This content was maximal in those regions where LTRs "overlapped" readthrough transcripts. Although many promoter-active LTRs were mapped near known genes, no clear-cut correlation was observed between transcriptional activities of genes and neighboring LTRs. Our data also suggest a selective suppression of transcription for LTRs located in gene introns.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.