ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2006
The development of a standardized neighborhood deprivation index.
Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 629 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
629 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A meta-analysis of the role of neighborhood deprivation in psychotic disorders.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacist care for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder electronic medication refills: A cluster randomized trial.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Trial
- Preparedness for care transitions to home and acute care use of skilled nursing facility patients.BMC geriatrics · 2025Trial
- Machine learning-driven risk prediction for post-hospitalization diabetes case management: Integrating clinical and social determinants of health.International journal of medical informatics · 2026Article
- Article
- Blood lead levels among children aged 6-30 months: An electronic health record-based study in Southern California, 2016-2025.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Differences in healthcare resource utilization by race/ethnicity among moderate to late preterm infants with respiratory distress Syndrome, Northern California.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Beyond redlining: Gentrification, displacement, disadvantages, and exclusivity predict urban environmental and health inequities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Health Care Utilization and Pediatric Appendicitis: Insights From an Integrated Health System.The Permanente journal · 2026Article
- Adolescent cannabis use disorder following recreational cannabis legalization in California, USA: A population-based interrupted time series study.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Dental Care Access for Young Children With Medicaid: Groundtruthing Online Data and Actual Access in the Chicago Metro Area.Journal of public health dentistry · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic Disparities in Oncology Clinical Trial Enrollment in an Integrated Health System.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Syndemic Classes of Unhealthy Alcohol Use Reveal Inequities in Alcohol-Related Consequences and HIV Care Outcomes.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Resource Utilization and Timeliness of Care in Patients With Incidentally Detected Lung Nodules.CHEST pulmonary · 2026Article
- Association of unhealthy alcohol use reported in routine outpatient screening with 30-day hospital readmission risk.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026Article
- Prioritizing clinical utility to use allostatic load as a biomarker of the consequences of stress.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Neighborhood-level socioeconomic position and mortality among children born with critical congenital heart defects.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Age and Endometrial Cancer Survival Disparities Among Black and White Insured Patients.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Associations between greenspace and memory: Evidence from the COMPASS cohort in Chicago.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Association of a Self-Guided, Asynchronous, Balance Exercise Application on Fall-Related Injuries.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
569 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Census data are widely used for assessing neighborhood socioeconomic context. Research using census data has been inconsistent in variable choice and usually limited to single geographic areas. This paper seeks to a) outline a process for developing a neighborhood deprivation index using principal components analysis and b) demonstrate an example of its utility for identifying contextual variables that are associated with perinatal health outcomes across diverse geographic areas. Year 2000 U.S. Census and vital records birth data (1998-2001) were merged at the census tract level for 19 cities (located in three states) and five suburban counties (located in three states), which were used to create eight study areas within four states. Census variables representing five socio-demographic domains previously associated with health outcomes, including income/poverty, education, employment, housing, and occupation, were empirically summarized using principal components analysis. The resulting first principal component, hereafter referred to as neighborhood deprivation, accounted for 51 to 73% of the total variability across eight study areas. Component loadings were consistent both within and across study areas (0.2-0.4), suggesting that each variable contributes approximately equally to "deprivation" across diverse geographies. The deprivation index was associated with the unadjusted prevalence of preterm birth and low birth weight for white non-Hispanic and to a lesser extent for black non-Hispanic women across the eight sites. The high correlations between census variables, the inherent multidimensionality of constructs like neighborhood deprivation, and the observed associations with birth outcomes suggest the utility of using a deprivation, index for research into neighborhood effects on adverse birth outcomes.
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