ReviewMalaria journal2006
Human malarial disease: a consequence of inflammatory cytokine release.
Review in Malaria journal, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 140 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 307 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interleukin-5 levels in relation to malaria severity: a systematic review.Malaria journal · 2023Pooled it
- Low Interleukin-12 Levels concerning Severe Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Plasmodium and intestinal parasite perturbations of the infected host's inflammatory responses: a systematic review.Parasites & vectors · 2018Pooled it
- Complement receptor 1 variants confer protection from severe malaria in Odisha, India.PloS one · 2012Pooled it
- Risk factors for acute kidney injury at presentation among children with CNS malaria: a case control study.Malaria journal · 2022Trial
- A Balanced Proinflammatory and Regulatory Cytokine Signature in Young African Children Is Associated With Lower Risk of Clinical Malaria.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Modulation of cytokine and cytokine receptor/antagonist by treatment with doxycycline and tetracycline in patients with dengue fever.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2011Trial
- Malaria and cancer: common features and interactions.Trends in parasitology · 2026Review
- Cellular nucleic acid-binding protein (CNBP) dependent cytokine programming shapes host defense againstbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Systemic inflammation and malaria co-infection in irritable bowel syndrome: a cross-sectional study of 142 Yemeni patients.BMJ open · 2026Observational
- Distinct systemic cytokine signatures define symptomatic malaria in children: insights from a longitudinal study in Togo.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Impact of co-infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA in Leishmania major-parasitized mice on immune modulation and cutaneous leishmaniasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Itaconate impairs immune control of Plasmodium by enhancing mtDNA-mediated PD-L1 expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells.Cell metabolism · 2024Article
- TNFR1 signaling converging on FGF14 controls neuronal hyperactivity and sickness behavior in experimental cerebral malaria.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Endothelial transcriptomic analysis identifies biomarkers of severe and cerebral malaria.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Vitamin C-rich juice co-administration with artemether-lumefantrine ameliorates oxido-inflammatory responses in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.Parasitology research · 2023Article
- Clinical aspects of malarial retinopathy: a critical review.Pathogens and global health · 2023Review
- Article
- Pathogenesis of Anemia in Canine Babesiosis: Possible Contribution of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines-A Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Malaria causes an acute systemic human disease that bears many similarities, both clinically and mechanistically, to those caused by bacteria, rickettsia, and viruses. Over the past few decades, a literature has emerged that argues for most of the pathology seen in all of these infectious diseases being explained by activation of the inflammatory system, with the balance between the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines being tipped towards the onset of systemic inflammation. Although not often expressed in energy terms, there is, when reduced to biochemical essentials, wide agreement that infection with falciparum malaria is often fatal because mitochondria are unable to generate enough ATP to maintain normal cellular function. Most, however, would contend that this largely occurs because sequestered parasitized red cells prevent sufficient oxygen getting to where it is needed. This review considers the evidence that an equally or more important way ATP deficiency arises in malaria, as well as these other infectious diseases, is an inability of mitochondria, through the effects of inflammatory cytokines on their function, to utilise available oxygen. This activity of these cytokines, plus their capacity to control the pathways through which oxygen supply to mitochondria are restricted (particularly through directing sequestration and driving anaemia), combine to make falciparum malaria primarily an inflammatory cytokine-driven disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.