ArticleGenome biology2006
Multiple effects govern endogenous retrovirus survival patterns in human gene introns.
Article in Genome biology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of a 7.9 kb Endogenous Retrovirus Insertion in Intron 1 of CD36 with Obesity and Fat Measurements in Sheep.Mobile DNA · 2025Article
- Viral influencers: deciphering the role of endogenous retroviral LTR12 repeats in cellular gene expression.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Widespread expression of the ancient HERV-K (HML-2) provirus group in normal human tissues.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- Comprehensive identification and characterization of the HERV-K (HML-9) group in the human genome.Retrovirology · 2022Article
- Characterizing mobile element insertions in 5675 genomes.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Significant Upregulation of HERV-K (HML-2) Transcription Levels in Human Lung Cancer and Cancer Cells.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- The Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Impact of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes.Genes · 2021Review
- Human endogenous retroviruses in cancer: Expression, regulation and function.Oncology letters · 2021Review
- Article
- Measuring and interpreting transposable element expression.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2020Review
- RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Long Terminal Repeat Retrotransposon Modulation in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells afterJournal of virology · 2020Article
- DNA methylation enables transposable element-driven genome expansion.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Review
- Comprehensive Characterization of the Human Endogenous Retrovirus HERV-K(HML-6) Group: Overview of Structure, Phylogeny, and Contribution to the Human Genome.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Whole-Genome Analysis of Domestic Chicken Selection Lines Suggests Segregating Variation in ERV Makeups.Genes · 2019Article
- Mouse germ line mutations due to retrotransposon insertions.Mobile DNA · 2019Review
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K HML-2 integration withinProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Neurological Diseases.Trends in molecular medicine · 2018Review
- Mechanisms of HERV-K (HML-2) Transcription during Human Mammary Epithelial Cell Transformation.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- An endosiRNA-Based Repression Mechanism Counteracts Transposon Activation during Global DNA Demethylation in Embryonic Stem Cells.Cell stem cell · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEndogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and solitary long terminal repeats (LTRs) have a significant antisense bias when located in gene introns, suggesting strong negative selective pressure on such elements oriented in the same transcriptional direction as the enclosing gene. It has been assumed that this bias reflects the presence of strong transcriptional regulatory signals within LTRs but little work has been done to investigate this phenomenon further.
resultsIn the analysis reported here, we found significant differences between individual human ERV families in their prevalence within genes and degree of antisense bias and show that, regardless of orientation, ERVs of most families are less likely to be found in introns than in intergenic regions. Examination of density profiles of ERVs across transcriptional units and the transcription signals present in the consensus ERVs suggests the importance of splice acceptor sites, in conjunction with splice donor and polyadenylation signals, as the major targets for selection against most families of ERVs/LTRs. Furthermore, analysis of annotated human mRNA splicing events involving ERV sequence revealed that the relatively young human ERVs (HERVs), HERV9 and HERV-K (HML-2), are involved in no human mRNA splicing events at all when oriented antisense to gene transcription, while elements in the sense direction in transcribed regions show considerable bias for use of strong splice sites.
conclusionOur observations suggest suppression of splicing among young intronic ERVs oriented antisense to gene transcription, which may account for their reduced mutagenicity and higher fixation rate in gene introns.
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Registered trials
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