ArticleImmunology2006
Effects of microflora on the neonatal development of gut mucosal T cells and myeloid cells in the mouse.
Article in Immunology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gnotobiology: from 19th-century global foundations to 21st-century omics - six decades of Czech contribution to microbiome research.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Dendritic Cells in the Gastrointestinal System: Division of Labor, Plasticity, and Niche-Specific Adaptation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Interplay between Microbiota and γδ T Cells: Insights into Immune Homeostasis and Neuro-Immune Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The gut-lung axis: the impact of the gut mycobiome on pulmonary diseases and infections.Oxford open immunology · 2024Review
- The impact of aging-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis on dendritic cells and lung diseases.Gut microbes · 2023Review
- Microbial sensing in the intestine.Protein & cell · 2023Review
- Potential Active Marine Peptides as Anti-Aging Drugs or Drug Candidates.Marine drugs · 2023Review
- Maternal and early life exposures and their potential to influence development of the microbiome.Genome medicine · 2022Review
- Multi-omics analysis reveals the effects of microbiota on oral homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Effect of the Microbiome on Intestinal Innate Immune Development in Early Life and the Potential Strategy of Early Intervention.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Gut Microbiota and Lymphocyte Subsets in Canine Leishmaniasis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Dietary Fibers: Effects, Underlying Mechanisms and Possible Role in Allergic Asthma Management.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Contributions of neuroimmune and gut-brain signaling to vulnerability of developing substance use disorders.Neuropharmacology · 2021Review
- Gut Microbiota Composition and Epigenetic Molecular Changes Connected to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2021Review
- Review
- The role of gut-immune-brain signaling in substance use disorders.International review of neurobiology · 2021Article
- Intestinal Microbiota in Common Chronic Inflammatory Disorders Affecting Children.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Feline gut microbiota composition in association with feline coronavirus infection: A pilot study.Research in veterinary science · 2019Article
- T lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa: defense and tolerance.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2019Review
- Immunopathological and molecular basis of functional dyspepsia and current therapeutic approaches.Expert review of clinical immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Colonization with commensal flora in very early life may profoundly influence intestinal lymphoid development and bias later immune responses. We defined gut-homing T cell phenotypes and the influence of flora on intestinal immune development in mice. Intestinal T cells were phenotyped and quantified in conventional (CV), germfree (GF) and conventionalized germfree (GF/CV) neonatal mice by immunohistochemistry. Mucosal adressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) was expressed by mucosal vessels at birth in CV and GF mice and was more prevalent in CV than GF small intestine, but was distributed similarly and did not change with age. Less MAdCAM-1 was expressed in the colon; its distribution became restricted after weaning, with no difference between CV and GF mice. CD3(+)beta(7) (+) cells were present in similar numbers in CV and GF intestine at birth. They were CD62L(-) in CV mice and were accompanied by further CD3(+)beta(7) (+)CD62L(-) T cells as development progressed, but in GF and GF/CV intestine they expressed CD62L and numbers did not change. IEL numbers increased at weaning in CV mice in both small and large intestine, but showed delayed development in GF intestine. Macrophages were present at high levels from birth in GF intestine, but dendritic cells did not develop until day 16. Thus, fetus-derived T cells seed the intestinal lamina propria before birth via beta-MadCAM interactions. Their activation status depends on the microbiological status of the dam, and without a commensal flora they remain naive. We propose that these cells regulate antigen responsiveness of the developing mucosal T cell pool.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.