ArticleInfection and immunity2006
Anatomical route of invasion and protective mucosal immunity in Trypanosoma cruzi conjunctival infection.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Why the Jenner/Pasteur paradigm is insufficient for controlling vector-borne diseases and the role of microbiota-mediated interactions.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Review
- Animal models for exploring Chagas disease pathogenesis and supporting drug discovery.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Oral Infection and Survival of Trypanosoma cruzi in Sugarcane Juice Conditioned at Different Temperatures.Acta parasitologica · 2024Article
- Central nervous system commitment in Chagas disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Host-parasite dynamics in Chagas disease from systemic to hyper-local scales.Parasite immunology · 2021Review
- Discovery and Optimization of 5-Amino-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide Series against Trypanosoma cruzi.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2017Article
- Unraveling Chagas disease transmission through the oral route: Gateways to Trypanosoma cruzi infection and target tissues.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Linalool, a Piper aduncum essential oil component, has selective activity against Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote forms at 4°C.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2017Article
- Th17 Cells Are More Protective Than Th1 Cells Against the Intracellular Parasite Trypanosoma cruzi.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Mice with Genetic Deletion of Group VIA Phospholipase A2β Exhibit Impaired Macrophage Function and Increased Parasite Load in Trypanosoma cruzi-Induced Myocarditis.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Interactions between Trypanosoma cruzi Secreted Proteins and Host Cell Signaling Pathways.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Review
- Trypanosoma cruzi Infection through the Oral Route Promotes a Severe Infection in Mice: New Disease Form from an Old Infection?PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- Deficiency of antigen-specific B cells results in decreased Trypanosoma cruzi systemic but not mucosal immunity due to CD8 T cell exhaustion.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Chagas disease in the 21st century: a public health success or an emerging threat?Parasite (Paris, France) · 2014Review
- Comparison of the infectivity of Trypanosoma cruzi insect-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes after mucosal and cutaneous contaminative challenges.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2013Article
- Development, alteration and real time dynamics of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue.PloS one · 2013Article
- Trypanosoma cruzi Entrance through Systemic or Mucosal Infection Sites Differentially Modulates Regional Immune Response Following Acute Infection in Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Article
- Mechanisms of Trypanosoma cruzi persistence in Chagas disease.Cellular microbiology · 2012Review
- Induction of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide by Trypanosoma cruzi in renal cells.Parasitology research · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that can initiate mucosal infection after conjunctival exposure. The anatomical route of T. cruzi invasion and spread after conjunctival parasite contamination remains poorly characterized. In the present work we have identified the sites of initial invasion and replication after contaminative conjunctival challenges with T. cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes using a combination of immunohistochemical and real-time PCR confirmatory techniques in 56 mice between 3 and 14 days after challenge. Our results demonstrate that the predominant route of infection involves drainage of parasites through the nasolacrimal duct into the nasal cavity. Initial parasite invasion occurs within the ductal and respiratory epithelia. After successive waves of intracellular replication and cell-to-cell spread, parasites drain via local lymphatic channels to lymph nodes and then disseminate through the blood to distant tissues. This model of conjunctival challenge was used to identify immune responses associated with protection against mucosal infection. Preceding mucosal infection induces mucosal immunity, resulting in at least 50-fold reductions in recoverable tissue parasite DNA in immune mice compared to controls 10 days after conjunctival challenge (P < 0.05). Antigen-specific gamma interferon production by T cells was increased at least 100-fold in cells harvested from immune mice (P < 0.05). Mucosal secretions containing T. cruzi-specific secretory immunoglobulin A harvested from immune mice were shown to protect against mucosal parasite infection (P < 0.05), demonstrating that mucosal antibodies can play a role in T. cruzi immunity. This model provides an important tool for detailed studies of mucosal immunity necessary for the development of mucosal vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.