ArticleJournal of virology2006
Hemagglutinin (HA) proteins from H1 and H3 serotypes of influenza A viruses require different antigen designs for the induction of optimal protective antibody responses as studied by codon-optimized HA DNA vaccines.
Article in Journal of virology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tandem high-dose influenza vaccination is associated with more durable serologic immunity in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias.Blood advances · 2021Trial
- Clinical and Serologic Responses After a Two-dose Series of High-dose Influenza Vaccine in Plasma Cell Disorders: A Prospective, Single-arm Trial.Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia · 2017Trial
- H7N9 influenza virus neutralizing antibodies that possess few somatic mutations.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2016Trial
- Distinct cross-reactive B-cell responses to live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- From genetic code to global health: the impact of nucleic acid vaccines on disease prevention and treatment.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- System vaccinology analysis of predictors and mechanisms of antibody response durability to multiple vaccines in humans.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Acute and persistent responses after H5N1 vaccination in humans.Cell reports · 2024Article
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- A single-shot adenoviral vaccine provides hemagglutinin stalk-mediated protection against heterosubtypic influenza challenge in mice.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2022Article
- Early Changes in Interferon Gene Expression and Antibody Responses Following Influenza Vaccination in Pregnant Women.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- A novel DNA and protein combination COVID-19 vaccine formulation provides full protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
- Article
- A changing trend in diagnostic methods of Influenza A (H3N2) virus in human: a review.3 Biotech · 2021Review
- Evidence for Strong Mutation Bias toward, and Selection against, U Content in SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Vaccine Design.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Sex Differences in Older Adults' Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Immunodominance of Antigenic Site B in the Hemagglutinin of the Current H3N2 Influenza Virus in Humans and Mice.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Transcriptomic signatures of cellular and humoral immune responses in older adults after seasonal influenza vaccination identified by data-driven clustering.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- A Review of DNA Vaccines Against Influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- A universal influenza virus vaccine candidate confers protection against pandemic H1N1 infection in preclinical ferret studies.NPJ vaccines · 2017Article
- Gene signatures associated with adaptive humoral immunity following seasonal influenza A/H1N1 vaccination.Genes and immunity · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Effective antibody responses provide crucial immunity against influenza virus infection. The hemagglutinin (HA) protein is the major target of protective antibody responses induced by viral infection and by vaccination with both inactivated and live-attenuated flu vaccines, but knowledge about the optimal designs of protective HA antigens from different flu serotypes is still limited. In this study, we have significantly improved the immunogenicity of HA-expressing DNA vaccines by using codon-optimized HA sequences for either an H1 serotype (A/NewCal/20/99) or an H3 serotype (A/Panama/2007/99) human influenza A virus and then used these constructs as model antigens to identify the optimal HA antigen designs to elicit high-level protective antibody responses. Two forms of HA antigen, a wild-type, full-length HA and a secreted form with transmembrane (TM) domain-truncated HA, were produced. Both forms of HA DNA vaccines, from either H1 or H3 serotypes, were able to elicit high levels of HA-specific immunoglobulin G responses in immunized rabbits as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Interestingly, the abilities of H1 HA and H3 HA antigens to elicit hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses differ. For the H1 HA antigens, the full-length HA induced significantly higher HI and NAb responses than did the TM-truncated HA. For the H3 HA antigen, both the full-length HA and TM-truncated HA induced high levels of HI and NAb responses. These data indicate that H1 and H3 antigens have different expression requirements for the induction of an optimal protective antibody response and that the structure integrity of HA antigens is critical for eliciting type-specific protective antibody responses. Our findings will have an important impact on future subunit-based flu vaccine development.
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