ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006
Autophagy-mediated reentry of Francisella tularensis into the endocytic compartment after cytoplasmic replication.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 217 papers.
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Who cites it
217 citing papers in PubMed, 341 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The battle between bacterial infection and autophagy in aquatic animals.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A novel method of Francisella infection of epithelial cells using HeLa cells expressing fc gamma receptor.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Hepatocytes and the art of killing Plasmodium softly.Trends in parasitology · 2024Review
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- Bacteriophage SPO1 protein Gp46 suppresses functions of HU protein inFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Modified activities of macrophages' deubiquitinating enzymes afterFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Autophagy-Modulated Biomaterial: A Robust Weapon for Modulating the Wound Environment to Promote Skin Wound Healing.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Review
- Atomic Structure of IglD Demonstrates Its Role as a Component of the Baseplate Complex of themBio · 2022Article
- A patatin-like phospholipase mediates Rickettsia parkeri escape from host membranes.Nature communications · 2022Article
- ThioredoxinA1 Controls the Oxidative Stress Response of Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain (LVS).Journal of bacteriology · 2022Article
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- Recruitment of LC3 byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
157 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial pathogens evade the bactericidal functions of mammalian cells by physical escape from their phagosome and replication into the cytoplasm or through the modulation of phagosome maturation and biogenesis of a membrane-bound replicative organelle. Here, we detail in murine primary macrophages the intracellular life cycle of Francisella tularensis, a highly infectious bacterium that survives and replicates within mammalian cells. After transient interactions with the endocytic pathway, bacteria escaped from their phagosome by 1 h after infection and underwent replication in the cytoplasm from 4 to 20 h after infection. Unexpectedly, the majority of bacteria were subsequently found to be enclosed within large, juxtanuclear, LAMP-1-positive vacuoles called Francisella-containing vacuoles (FCVs). FCV formation required intracytoplasmic replication of bacteria. Using electron and fluorescence microscopy, we observed that the FCVs contained morphologically intact bacteria, despite fusing with lysosomes. FCVs are multimembranous structures that accumulate monodansylcadaverine and display the autophagy-specific protein LC3 on their membrane. Formation of FCVs was significantly inhibited by 3-methyladenine, confirming a role for the autophagic pathway in the biogenesis of these organelles. Taken together, our results demonstrate that, via autophagy, F. tularensis reenters the endocytic pathway after cytoplasmic replication, a process thus far undescribed for intracellular pathogens.
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