ArticleBlood2007
Innate immunity against vaccinia virus is mediated by TLR2 and requires TLR-independent production of IFN-beta.
Article in Blood, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Associations between COVID-19 and skin conditions identified through epidemiology and genomic studies.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Human TLR8 is activated upon recognition of Borrelia burgdorferi RNA in the phagosome of human monocytes.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2013Trial
- MVA-5T4-induced immune responses are an early marker of efficacy in renal cancer patients.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2011Trial
- Clinical and immunological responses in metastatic melanoma patients vaccinated with a high-dose poly-epitope vaccine.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2010Trial
- Antiviral innate immunity and adaptive immune responses against monkeypox and viral immune evasion.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- Article
- Vaccinia virus for lung cancer therapy: preclinical progress and prospects as a systemic immunotherapy platform.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Epithelial Immune Response to Human Papillomavirus Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Advancing ORFV-Based Therapeutics to the Clinical Stage.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Review
- Article
- Designing a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against Orf virus using molecular docking and molecular dynamics.Virulence · 2024Article
- Role of lamin A/C on dendritic cell function in antiviral immunity.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Exploring HIV Vaccine Progress in the Pre-Clinical and Clinical Setting: From History to Future Prospects.Viruses · 2024Review
- Review
- An MVA-based vector expressing cell-free ISG15 increases IFN-I production and improves HIV-1-specific CD8 T cell immune responses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Immunoinformatics and reverse vaccinology approach in designing a novel highly immunogenic multivalent peptide-based vaccine against the human monkeypox virus.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- Poxviruses and the immune system: Implications for monkeypox virus.International immunopharmacology · 2022Review
- Article
- Plasmacytoid dendritic cells during COVID-19: Ally or adversary?Cell reports · 2022Review
- Differential expression profile and in-silico functional analysis of long noncoding RNA and mRNA in duck embryo fibroblasts infected with duck plague virus.BMC genomics · 2022Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VV) has been used extensively as a vaccine vehicle in the clinical application for infectious diseases and cancer. Previous studies have suggested that the unique potency of VV-based vaccine lies in its effective activation of the innate immune system. However, how VV activates innate immune pathways remains largely unknown. In this study, we showed that VV elicited innate immune response through both Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent and -independent pathways. The TLR pathway was mediated by TLR2 and MyD88, leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines, whereas activation of the TLR-independent pathway resulted in the secretion of IFN-beta. More importantly, both TLR-dependent and -independent pathways were required for activating innate and adaptive immunity to VV in vivo. These findings represent the first evidence that innate immune recognition of VV is mediated by TLR2, demonstrate that one pathogen can target both TLR and non-TLR innate immune pathways to work together in achieving efficient activation of host defense, and suggest potential new strategies for the design of effective vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.