ArticleJournal of virology2006
Persistent high frequencies of varicella-zoster virus ORF4 protein-specific CD4+ T cells after primary infection.
Article in Journal of virology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potent and long-lasting humoral and cellular immunity against varicella zoster virus induced by mRNA-LNP vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles Enhanced the Synergistic Adjuvant Effect of CpG ODNs and QS21 in a Varicella Zoster Virus Glycoprotein E Subunit Vaccine.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Evaluation of glycoprotein E subunit and live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccines formulated with a single-strand RNA-based adjuvant.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2020Article
- Varicella-Zoster Virus-Specific Cellular Immune Responses to the Live Attenuated Zoster Vaccine in Young and Older Adults.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Zoster Vaccination Increases the Breadth of CD4+ T Cells Responsive to Varicella Zoster Virus.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Effector and Central Memory Poly-Functional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T Cells are Boosted upon ZOSTAVAX(®) Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Article
- Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot assay to assess varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immunity following umbilical cord blood transplantation.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2014Article
- Genome-wide analysis of T cell responses during acute and latent simian varicella virus infections in rhesus macaques.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- T-cell immunity to human alphaherpesviruses.Current opinion in virology · 2013Review
- Herpesviruses placating the unwilling host: manipulation of the MHC class II antigen presentation pathway.Viruses · 2012Review
- CD4 T cell immunity is critical for the control of simian varicella virus infection in a nonhuman primate model of VZV infection.PLoS pathogens · 2011Article
- A systematic approach for the identification of novel, serologically reactive recombinant Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) antigens.Virology journal · 2010Article
- IE63-specific T-cell responses associate with control of subclinical varicella zoster virus reactivation in individuals with malignancies.British journal of cancer · 2010Article
- Perspectives on vaccines against varicella-zoster virus infections.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2010Article
- Simian varicella virus infection of rhesus macaques recapitulates essential features of varicella zoster virus infection in humans.PLoS pathogens · 2009Article
- Identification of varicella-zoster virus-specific CD8 T cells in patients after T-cell-depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation.Journal of virology · 2009Article
- Varicella zoster virus glycoprotein E-specific CD4+ T cells show evidence of recent activation and effector differentiation, consistent with frequent exposure to replicative cycle antigens in healthy immune donors.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2008Article
- Viral load, clinical disease severity and cellular immune responses in primary varicella zoster virus infection in Sri Lanka.PloS one · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Open reading frame 4 (ORF4) of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encodes an immediate-early protein that is believed to be important for viral infectivity and establishing latency. Evidence suggests that VZV-specific T cells are crucial in the control of viral replication, but there are no data addressing the existence of potential ORF4 protein-specific CD4+ T cells. We tested the hypothesis that VZV ORF4 protein-specific CD4+ T cells could be identified and characterized within the peripheral blood of healthy immune donors following primary infection. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) immunosorbent assays were used to screen peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from healthy seropositive donors for responses to overlapping ORF4 peptides, viral lysate, and live vaccine. High frequencies of ORF4 protein-specific T cells were detected ex vivo in individuals up to 52 years after primary infection. Several immunogenic regions of the ORF4 protein were identified, including a commonly recognized epitope which was restricted through HLA-DRB1*07. Total ORF4 protein-specific responses comprised 19.7% and 20.7% of the total lysate and vaccine responses, respectively, and were dominated by CD4+ T cells. Indeed, CD4+ T cells were found to dominate the overall virus-specific IFN-gamma cellular immune response both ex vivo and after expansion in vitro. In summary, we have identified an ORF4 protein as a novel target antigen for persistent VZV-specific CD4+ T cells, with implications for disease pathogenesis and future vaccine development.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.