Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16971650›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2006

Beijing genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is significantly associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection and multidrug resistance in cases of tuberculous meningitis.

Maxine Caws, Guy Thwaites, Kasia Stepniewska, Thi Ngoc Lan Nguyen, Thi Hong Duyen Nguyen, Thi Phuong Nguyen, Nguyet Thu Huyen Mai, Minh Duy Phan, Huu Loc Tran, Thi Hong Chau Tran and 5 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Host- and pathogen-related determinants of pulmonaryEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Bacterial meningitis in Africa.Frontiers in neurology · 2023
    Review
  6. Article
  7. A comparative analysis of molecular genotypes ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Immunization withJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020
    Article
  10. The pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2019
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2016
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Maxine CawsOxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 190 Ben Ham Tu, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. mcaws@hotmail.com
Guy Thwaites
Kasia Stepniewska
Thi Ngoc Lan Nguyen
Thi Hong Duyen Nguyen
Thi Phuong Nguyen
Nguyet Thu Huyen Mai
Minh Duy Phan
Huu Loc Tran
Thi Hong Chau Tran
Dick van Soolingen
Kristin Kremer
Van Vinh Chau Nguyen
Tran Chinh Nguyen
Jeremy Farrar
Hospital for Tropical Diseases · VNOxford University Clinical Research Unit · VNPham Ngoc Thach Hospital · VNMahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit · THNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment · NLChurchill Hospital · GB

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant tuberculous meningitis is fatal without rapid diagnosis and use of second-line therapy. It is more common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Beijing genotype strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are associated with drug resistance, particularly multidrug resistance, and their prevalence is increasing worldwide. The prevalence of Beijing genotype strains among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-positive (n = 35) and HIV-negative (n = 187) patients in Ho Chi Minh City was determined. The Beijing genotype was significantly associated with HIV status (odds ratio [OR] = 2.95 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.38 to 6.44]; P = 0.016), resistance to any drug (OR = 3.34 [95% CI, 1.87 to 5.95]; P < 0.001) and multidrug resistance (Fisher's exact test; P = 0.001). The association of the Beijing genotype with drug resistance was independent of HIV status. This is the first report of Beijing genotype association with HIV status, which may be an association unique to tuberculous meningitis.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultGenotypeHIV InfectionsHumansMiddle AgedMycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosis, MeningealTuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant

Identifiers

PMID16971650
PMCPMC1698365
OpenAlexW2046458865

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.