ArticleJournal of virology2006
Live attenuated influenza virus expressing human interleukin-2 reveals increased immunogenic potential in young and aged hosts.
Article in Journal of virology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- A CXCL10-Expressing Influenza Vector Induces Robust Adaptive Immunity Despite Strong Attenuation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Dissecting immunological mechanisms underlying influenza viral nucleoprotein-induced mucosal immunity against diverse viral strains.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- IgGκ Signal Peptide Enhances the Efficacy of an Influenza Vector Vaccine against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Influenza Virus Carrying a Codon-Reprogrammed Neuraminidase Gene as a Strategy for Live Attenuated Vaccine.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Low-dose IL-2 therapy invigorates CD8+ T cells for viral control in systemic lupus erythematosus.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Intranasal powder live attenuated influenza vaccine is thermostable, immunogenic, and protective against homologous challenge in ferrets.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Article
- The combination of recombinant and non-recombinant Bacillus subtilis spore display technology for presentation of antigen and adjuvant on single spore.Microbial cell factories · 2017Article
- Soluble RANKL expression in Lactococcus lactis and investigation of its potential as an oral vaccine adjuvant.BMC immunology · 2015Article
- Innate endogenous adjuvants prime to desirable immune responses via mucosal routes.Protein & cell · 2015Review
- Intranasal vaccination with an engineered influenza virus expressing the receptor binding subdomain of botulinum neurotoxin provides protective immunity against botulism and influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Article
- Attenuated Recombinant Influenza A Virus Expressing HPV16 E6 and E7 as a Novel Therapeutic Vaccine Approach.PloS one · 2015Article
- Intranasal co-delivery of IL-6 gene enhances the immunogenicity of anti-caries DNA vaccine.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2014Article
- Development of live-attenuated influenza vaccines against outbreaks of H5N1 influenza.Viruses · 2012Review
- NS1-truncated live attenuated virus vaccine provides robust protection to aged mice from viral challenge.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Immunosenescence and Challenges of Vaccination against Influenza in the Aging Population.Aging and disease · 2012Article
- Article
- Cytokines: the future of intranasal vaccine adjuvants.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2011Review
- Evaluation of recombinant influenza virus-simian immunodeficiency virus vaccines in macaques.Journal of virology · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the reported efficacy of commercially available influenza virus vaccines, a considerable proportion of the human population does not respond well to vaccination. In an attempt to improve the immunogenicity of live influenza vaccines, an attenuated, cold-adapted (ca) influenza A virus expressing human interleukin-2 (IL-2) from the NS gene was generated. Intranasal immunization of young adult and aged mice with the IL-2-expressing virus resulted in markedly enhanced mucosal and cellular immune responses compared to those of mice immunized with the nonrecombinant ca parent strain. Interestingly, the mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in the respiratory compartment could be restored in aged mice primed with the IL-2-expressing virus to magnitudes similar to those in young adult mice. The immunomodulating effect of locally expressed IL-2 also gave rise to a systemic CD8(+) T-cell and distant urogenital IgA response in young adult mice, but this effect was less distinct in aged mice. Importantly, only mice immunized with the recombinant IL-2 virus were completely protected from a pathogenic wild-type virus challenge and revealed a stronger onset of virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell recall response. Our findings emphasize the potential of reverse genetics to improve the efficacy of live influenza vaccines, thus rendering them more suitable for high-risk age groups.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.