Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16968412›Full record

ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2006

Role of Th1-stimulating cytokines in bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced macrophage cytotoxicity against mouse bladder cancer MBT-2 cells.

Y Luo, H Yamada, D P Evanoff, X Chen

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review of BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. The androgen receptor in bladder cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2023
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Observational
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Innate immune memory is associated with increased disease-free survival in bladder cancer patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2021
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Macrophage polarization as a novel weapon in conditioning tumor microenvironment for bladder cancer: can we turn demons into gods?Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2019
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Y LuoDepartment of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. yi-luo@uiowa.edu
H Yamada
D P Evanoff
X Chen
University of Iowa · US

Funding

Therapeutic Targeting Agents for Bladder CancerR21CA104308 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI LUO, YI · 2004 to 2005
$266k
NCI NIH HHS R21 CA104308NCI NIH HHS R21CA104308
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Previously, we have demonstrated that macrophages exhibited cytotoxicity toward mouse bladder cancer MBT-2 cells upon bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) stimulation. In this study, we have investigated the role of Th1-stimulating cytokines in BCG-induced macrophage cytotoxicity. Thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) were used as a conventional source for macrophages and the induction of PEC effector functions (cytolytic activity and cytokine production) by BCG was evaluated in vitro. The BCG-activated PECs showed potent cytotoxicity and killed MBT-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Depletion of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, or both, in PEC preparations exhibited a marginal or small reduction of MBT-2 cell killing, suggesting that macrophages played a primary role in PEC cytotoxicity. Transwell assays indicated that the maximal PEC cytotoxicity required both direct cell-cell contact and soluble factors such as interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Neutralizing endogenous cytokines interleukin (IL)-12, IL-18, IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha reduced PEC cytotoxicity by 38%, 22%, 15% and 94%, respectively. Supplementation of BCG with recombinant (r)IL-2, rIL-12 or rIL-18 increased PEC cytotoxicity by approximately twofold. Compared with control BCG for PEC stimulation, rBCGs expressing IL-2 or IL-18 showed enhanced MBT-2 cell killing by PECs. Increased cytokine production (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-6) was also observed in rBCG-stimulated PEC cultures. Taken together, these results suggest that Th1-stimulating cytokines play an important role in BCG-induced macrophage cytotoxicity and that combination of BCG with selected Th1-stimulating cytokines, either supplemented or expressed by BCG, may enhance the effect of BCG in the treatment of bladder cancer patients.

Indexed as

AnimalsBCG VaccineCell DeathCytokinesCytotoxicity, ImmunologicFemaleMacrophage ActivationMacrophages, PeritonealMiceMice, Inbred C3HRecombinant ProteinsTh1 CellsTumor Cells, CulturedUp-RegulationUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsBCG VaccineCytokinesRecombinant Proteins

Identifiers

PMID16968412
PMCPMC1809722
OpenAlexW2079708811

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.