ArticleThe Journal of cell biology2006
Direct measurement of the lamellipodial protrusive force in a migrating cell.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 158 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed.
- Supramolecular aggregation of aquaporin-4 shapes astrocyte collective migration and mechanics.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The role of non-linear viscoelastic hydrogel mechanics in cell culture and transduction.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- WAVE complex forms linear arrays at negative membrane curvature to instruct lamellipodia formation.The Journal of cell biology · 2025Article
- Emergence of multiple collective motility modes in a physical model of cell chains.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2025Article
- 3D Micropatterned Traction Force Microscopy: A Technique to Control 3D Cell Shape While Measuring Cell-Substrate Force Transmission.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Mechanical control of antigen detection and discrimination by T and B cell receptors.Biophysical journal · 2024Review
- Mesenchymal cell migration on one-dimensional micropatterns.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Nascent adhesions shorten the period of lamellipodium protrusion through the Brownian ratchet mechanism.Molecular biology of the cell · 2023Article
- Celebrating the creative scientific life of Ken Jacobson.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- G-actin diffusion is insufficient to achieve F-actin assembly in fast-treadmilling protrusions.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Biomechanical models and mechanisms of cellular morphogenesis and cerebral cortical expansion and folding.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2023Review
- On the role of myosin-induced actin depolymerization during cell migration.Molecular biology of the cell · 2023Article
- On multistability and constitutive relations of cell motion on fibronectin lanes.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Looking at Biomolecular Interactions through the Lens of Correlated Fluorescence Microscopy and Optical Tweezers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Force Estimation during Cell Migration Using Mathematical Modelling.Journal of imaging · 2022Article
- Elasticity of podosome actin networks produces nanonewton protrusive forces.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Convergent extension requires adhesion-dependent biomechanical integration of cell crawling and junction contraction.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Leading edge maintenance in migrating cells is an emergent property of branched actin network growth.eLife · 2022Article
- Materials science and mechanosensitivity of living matter.Applied physics reviews · 2022Review
- Adhesion response of filopodia to an AFM lateral detachment force and functional changes after centrifugation of cells grown on nanoporous titanium.Materials today. Bio · 2022Article
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There has been a great deal of interest in the mechanism of lamellipodial protrusion (Pollard, T., and G. Borisy. 2003. Cell. 112:453-465). However, one of this mechanism's endpoints, the force of protrusion, has never been directly measured. We place an atomic force microscopy cantilever in the path of a migrating keratocyte. The deflection of the cantilever, which occurs over a period of approximately 10 s, provides a direct measure of the force exerted by the lamellipodial leading edge. Stall forces are consistent with approximately 100 polymerizing actin filaments per micrometer of the leading edge, each working as an elastic Brownian ratchet and generating a force of several piconewtons. However, the force-velocity curves obtained from this measurement, in which velocity drops sharply under very small loads, is not sensitive to low loading forces, and finally stalls rapidly at large loads, are not consistent with current theoretical models for the actin polymerization force. Rather, the curves indicate that the protrusive force generation is a complex multiphase process involving actin and adhesion dynamics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.