ArticleInfection and immunity2006
Structure of the expression site reveals global diversity in MSP2 (P44) variants in Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic analyses indicate the North American Ap-ha variant of the tick-vectored bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum was introduced from Europe.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Comparative Whole Genome Analysis of anPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Biostatistical prediction of genes essential for growth of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a human promyelocytic cell line using a random transposon mutant library.Pathogens and disease · 2021Article
- A lifelong study of a pack Rhodesian ridgeback dogs reveals subclinical and clinical tick-borne Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections with possible reinfection or persistence.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Lambs immunized with an inactivated variant of Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2015Article
- Mini-review: Strategies for Variation and Evolution of Bacterial Antigens.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2015Review
- Comparative genomics of first available bovine Anaplasma phagocytophilum genome obtained with targeted sequence capture.BMC genomics · 2014Article
- Prevalence of human-active and variant 1 strains of the tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum in hosts and forests of eastern North America.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2014Article
- An emerging tick-borne disease of humans is caused by a subset of strains with conserved genome structure.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2013Article
- Antigen variability in Anaplasma phagocytophilum during chronic infection of a reservoir host.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2012Article
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum: deceptively simple or simply deceptive?Future microbiology · 2012Review
- Evolution of antigen variation in the tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Molecular biology and evolution · 2012Article
- Mechanisms of obligatory intracellular infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2011Review
- Cloning of the major outer membrane protein expression locus in Anaplasma platys and seroreactivity of a species-specific antigen.Journal of bacteriology · 2011Article
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis: subversive manipulators of host cells.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2010Review
- Variant -and individual dependent nature of persistent Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2010Article
- Variant-specific and diminishing immune responses towards the highly variable MSP2(P44) outer membrane protein of Anaplasma phagocytophilum during persistent infection in lambs.Veterinary immunology and immunopathology · 2010Article
- Article
- Reservoir competence of the redwood chipmunk (Tamias ochrogenys) for Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2009Article
- Diversity of Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a recently reclassified bacteria in the order Rickettsiales, infects many different animal species and causes an emerging tick-borne disease of humans. The genome contains a large number of related genes and gene fragments encoding partial or apparently full-length outer membrane protein MSP2 (P44). Previous data using strains isolated from humans in the United States suggest that antigenic diversity results from RecF-mediated conversion of a single MSP2 (P44) expression site by partially homologous donor sequences. However, whether similar mechanisms operate in naturally infected animal species and the extent of global diversity in MSP2 (P44) are unknown. We analyzed the structure and diversity of the MSP2 (P44) expression site in strains derived from the United States and Europe and from infections of different animal species, including wildlife reservoirs. The results show that a syntenic expression site is present in all strains of A. phagocytophilum investigated. This genomic locus contained diverse MSP2 (P44) variants in all infected animals sampled, and variants also differed at different time points during infection. Although similar variants were found among different populations of U.S. origin, there was little sequence identity between U.S. strain variants (including genomic copies from a completely sequenced U.S. strain) and expression site variants infecting sheep and dogs in Norway and Sweden. Finally, the possibility that combinatorial mechanisms can generate additional diversity beyond the basic donor sequence repertoire is supported by the observation of shared sequence blocks throughout the MSP2 (P44) hypervariable region in reservoir hosts. These data suggest similar genetic mechanisms for A. phagocytophilum variation in all hosts but worldwide diversity of the MSP2 (P44) outer membrane protein.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.