ArticleInfection and immunity2006
Expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin ExoS effectively induces apoptosis in host cells.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular exploration of host-pathogen interactions in severeFrontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Injectisome assembly primesmBio · 2026Article
- Role of PsrA in physiology and virulence regulation inJournal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- The small non-coding RNA sRNA102 regulatesFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- PemB, a type III secretion effector inHeliyon · 2024Article
- Review
- Intracellular replication ofmSphere · 2023Article
- Intracellular replication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in epithelial cells requires suppression of the caspase-4 inflammasome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Review
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Exotoxin S secreted by internalized Pseudomonas aeruginosa delays lytic host cell death.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- VirulentRespiratory medicine case reports · 2022Article
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa adaptation and evolution in patients with cystic fibrosis.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2021Review
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa survives in epithelia by ExoS-mediated inhibition of autophagy and mTOR.EMBO reports · 2021Article
- Antimicrobial Activity of Poly-epsilon-lysine Peptide Hydrogels Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Article
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoS Induces Intrinsic Apoptosis in Target Host Cells in a Manner That is Dependent on its GAP Domain Activity.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Fingerprint Analysis and Identification of Strains ST309 as a Potential High Risk Clone in aFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- The Role of ExoS in Dissemination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during Pneumonia.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that primarily infects immunocompromised individuals and patients with cystic fibrosis. Invasive strains of P. aeruginosa are known to induce apoptosis at a high frequency in HeLa cells and in many other cell lines, a process that is dependent on the ADP-ribosylation (ADPRT) activity of a type III secreted protein ExoS. In our previous report, it was proposed that P. aeruginosa secreting ExoS, upon infection, shuts down host cell survival signal pathways by inhibiting ERK1/2 and p38 activation, and it activates proapoptotic pathways through activation of JNK1/2, leading ultimately to cytochrome c release and activation of caspases. In this study, we demonstrate that the expression of ExoS in HeLa cells by eukaryotic expression vector effectively caused apoptosis in an ADPRT activity-dependent manner, indicating that ExoS alone is sufficient to trigger apoptotic death of host cells independent of any other bacterial factors. By expressing an EGFP-ExoS fusion protein, we were able to directly correlate the death of HeLa cells with the presence of intracellular ExoS and further proved the dependence of this process on both JNK activation and mitochondrial proapoptotic event. The cellular pathway responsible for the ExoS-induced cytotoxicity appears to be well conserved, since the expression of the ADPRT-competent ExoS also induced rapid cell death in the Drosophila melanogaster S2 cell lines. The presented study not only highlights the ability of ExoS ADPRT to modulate host cell signaling, eventually leading to apoptosis, but also establishes ExoS as a valuable tool, in principle, for the elucidation of apoptosis mechanisms.
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