Trial reportCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2007
Metronomic cyclophosphamide regimen selectively depletes CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and restores T and NK effector functions in end stage cancer patients.
Trial report in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 613 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I/II Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of WT1-A10 + AS01B Antigen-Specific Cancer Immunotherapeutic (ASCI) Combined With Infusions of ex Vivo Regulatory T Cells Depleted T Lymphocytes in in Vivo Regulatory T Cells Depleted Patients as Post-consolidation Therapy for Adult Patients With WT1-positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in CR1 (for High Risk Patients) or in CR2 or CR3 Who Are Not Eligible for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT).
Randomized Phase 2 Study Comparing Pathological Responses on Colorectal Cancer Metastases After Preoperative Treatment Combining Bevacizumab With FOLFOX or FOLFIRI
Randomised Phase 2 Study Comparing Pathological Responses Observed on Colorectal Cancer Metastases Resected After Preoperative Treatment Combining Cetuximab With FOLFOX or FOLFIRI in RAS and B-RAF WT Tumors
Phase 2 Trial of Metronomic Treatment in Children and Adolescents With Recurrent or Progressive Neuroblastoma (NB)
The CONFRONT Phase I - II Trial: ACtivatiON oF Immune RespONse in paTients With R-M Head and Neck Cancer. Multimodality Immunotherapy With Avelumab, Short Course Radiotherapy and Cyclophosphamide in Head and Neck Cancer.
Who cites it
613 citing papers in PubMed, 1,220 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metronomic chemotherapy using capecitabine and cyclophosphamide in metastatic breast cancer - efficacy, tolerability and quality of life results from the phase II METRO trial.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2024Trial
- A randomized phase II study of metronomic cyclophosphamide and methotrexate (CM) with or without bevacizumab in patients with advanced breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Trial
- Ipilimumab and nivolumab combined with anthracycline-based chemotherapy in metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: a randomized phase 2b trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Trial
- Maveropepimut-S, a DPX-Based Immune-Educating Therapy, Shows Promising and Durable Clinical Benefit in Patients with Recurrent Ovarian Cancer, a Phase II Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2023Trial
- Atezolizumab plus anthracycline-based chemotherapy in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: the randomized, double-blind phase 2b ALICE trial.Nature medicine · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Adjuvant MUC vaccination with tecemotide after resection of colorectal liver metastases: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter AIO phase II trial (LICC).Oncoimmunology · 2020Trial
- ICON: a randomized phase IIb study evaluating immunogenic chemotherapy combined with ipilimumab and nivolumab in patients with metastatic hormone receptor positive breast cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2020Trial
- Globo H-KLH vaccine adagloxad simolenin (OBI-822)/OBI-821 in patients with metastatic breast cancer: phase II randomized, placebo-controlled study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Trial
- ALICE: a randomized placebo-controlled phase II study evaluating atezolizumab combined with immunogenic chemotherapy in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2020Trial
- Beyond cold to hot: oncolytic virotherapy as the next cornerstone of immuno-oncology.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Tumor-Driven Inflammation Promotes Tumor Growth: A Focus on Anti-Inflammatory Cancer Treatments.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Predictive Biomarkers of Metronomic Chemotherapy Response in Solid Tumors: Chasing an Elusive Signal.Cancers · 2026Review
- Article
- Combinatorial Delivery of Low-Dose Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy to Patients with Immune-Excluded Tumors Enhances CD8+ T-cell Functionality.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Immunological consequences of chemotherapy: implications for cancer immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Chemotherapeutics as Immune Modulators for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Single-cell transcriptome analysis identifies neutrophil-related prognostic signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Immunogenic cell death as a cornerstone for combination therapies with immune checkpoint blockade.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Real-world associations of pathological complete response and survival with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab in early TNBC: a Turkish Oncology Group study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
553 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells are involved in the prevention of autoimmune diseases and in tumor-induced tolerance. We previously demonstrated in tumor-bearing rodents that one injection of cyclophosphamide could significantly decrease both numbers and suppressive functions of regulatory T cells, facilitating vaccine-induced tumor rejection. In humans, iterative low dosing of cyclophosphamide, referred to as "metronomic" therapy, has recently been used in patients with advanced chemotherapy resistant cancers with the aim of reducing tumor angiogenesis. Here we show that oral administration of metronomic cyclophosphamide in advanced cancer patients induces a profound and selective reduction of circulating regulatory T cells, associated with a suppression of their inhibitory functions on conventional T cells and NK cells leading to a restoration of peripheral T cell proliferation and innate killing activities. Therefore, metronomic regimen of cyclophosphamide does not only affect tumor angiogenesis but also strongly curtails immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, favoring a better control of tumor progression. Altogether these data support cyclophosphamide regimen as a valuable treatment for reducing tumor-induced immune tolerance before setting to work anticancer immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.