ArticleMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR2006
Epigenetic gene regulation in the bacterial world.
Article in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 325 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
325 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 656 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenomics as Potential Tools for Enhancing Magnitude of Breeding Approaches for Developing Climate Resilient Chickpea.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Anaerobic bacteria: a neglected reservoir of mobile oxazolidinone resistance genes.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Type I restriction-modification systems regulate gene expression through DNA topology.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Epigenetic regulation of transgenes.Journal of biotechnology · 2026Review
- Adaptation mechanisms of ANAMMOX bacteria to extreme environments.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Characterization of a novel phage-plasmid vB_EcoM_ED targeting multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- A single DNA methylation site regulates cell fate during Clostridioides difficile sporulation.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Phase Variation in Bacterial Adaptation to Environmental Stress: A Narrative Review.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Phenotypic heterogeneity optimizes trade-offs during adaptive deployment of the type VI secretion system.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Pervasive genome structure heterogeneity iniScience · 2026Article
- Two Worlds, One Battle: How Bacteria and Malignancies Converge on Drug Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Temperature-dependent dynamics of DNA methylation and plasmid copy number in Yersinia pestis.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Conditioning chemotherapy exposure is associated with epigenetic modifications inResearch square · 2026Article
- Immune-deficient bacteria serve as gateways to genetic exchange and microbial evolution.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A Modified Methyl Transferase Cofactor to Selectively Silence Gene Expression in Escherichia coli.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Article
- Engineering Basal Cognition: Minimal Genetic Circuits for Habituation, Sensitization, and Massed-Spaced Learning.ACS synthetic biology · 2026Article
- Cytosine methylation contributes to the fitness ofiScience · 2026Article
- Beyond Resistance: Phenotypic Plasticity in Bacterial Responses to Antibiotics, Oxidative Stress and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Within-Host Environmental Heterogeneity Is Associated With Phenotypic but Not Genomic Diversity in Wolbachia Endosymbionts.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Article
- Structured Promoter Variability in Epigenetically Regulated Operons Contributes to Surface Adaptation in Salmonella.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
265 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Like many eukaryotes, bacteria make widespread use of postreplicative DNA methylation for the epigenetic control of DNA-protein interactions. Unlike eukaryotes, however, bacteria use DNA adenine methylation (rather than DNA cytosine methylation) as an epigenetic signal. DNA adenine methylation plays roles in the virulence of diverse pathogens of humans and livestock animals, including pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Vibrio, Yersinia, Haemophilus, and Brucella. In Alphaproteobacteria, methylation of adenine at GANTC sites by the CcrM methylase regulates the cell cycle and couples gene transcription to DNA replication. In Gammaproteobacteria, adenine methylation at GATC sites by the Dam methylase provides signals for DNA replication, chromosome segregation, mismatch repair, packaging of bacteriophage genomes, transposase activity, and regulation of gene expression. Transcriptional repression by Dam methylation appears to be more common than transcriptional activation. Certain promoters are active only during the hemimethylation interval that follows DNA replication; repression is restored when the newly synthesized DNA strand is methylated. In the E. coli genome, however, methylation of specific GATC sites can be blocked by cognate DNA binding proteins. Blockage of GATC methylation beyond cell division permits transmission of DNA methylation patterns to daughter cells and can give rise to distinct epigenetic states, each propagated by a positive feedback loop. Switching between alternative DNA methylation patterns can split clonal bacterial populations into epigenetic lineages in a manner reminiscent of eukaryotic cell differentiation. Inheritance of self-propagating DNA methylation patterns governs phase variation in the E. coli pap operon, the agn43 gene, and other loci encoding virulence-related cell surface functions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.