ArticleJournal of virology2006
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr induces DNA replication stress in vitro and in vivo.
Article in Journal of virology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Critical role for antiapoptotic Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 in human macrophage survival and cellular IAP1/2 (cIAP1/2) in resistance to HIV-Vpr-induced apoptosis.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Trial
- Manipulation of the cell cycle by HIV-1.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Activation of the ATM-Chk2 DNA damage response pathway by Newcastle disease virus enhances viral replication.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- HIV-1 Vpr orchestrates ciTRAN upregulation through TGF-β induction.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- HIV Vpr activates a nucleolar-specific ATR pathway to degrade the nucleolar stress sensor CCDC137.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- The Complex Interactions Between HIV-1 and Human Host Cell Genome: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Practice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Viral Modulation of the DNA Damage Response and Innate Immunity: Two Sides of the Same Coin.Journal of molecular biology · 2022Review
- Huntingtin-Interacting Protein 1 Promotes Vpr-Induced G2 Arrest and HIV-1 Infection in Macrophages.Viruses · 2021Article
- Emergence and molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV to target host cells and potential therapeutics.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2020Review
- EB virus-induced ATR activation accelerates nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth via M2-type macrophages polarization.Cell death & disease · 2020Article
- Article
- HIV-1 and HIV-1-Tat Induce Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Human Neurons.Journal of HIV and AIDS · 2020Article
- Review
- Article
- HIV-1 Vpr induces cell cycle arrest and enhances viral gene expression by depleting CCDC137.eLife · 2020Article
- Codon usage similarity between viral and some host genes suggests a codon-specific translational regulation.Heliyon · 2020Article
- Early detection of Ebola virus proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infected mice.Clinical proteomics · 2020Article
- Intertwined: SAMHD1 cellular functions, restriction, and viral evasion strategies.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2019Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral protein R (Vpr) causes cell cycle arrest in G2. Vpr-expressing cells display the hallmarks of certain forms of DNA damage, specifically activation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related kinase, ATR. However, evidence that Vpr function is relevant in vivo or in the context of viral infection is still lacking. In the present study, we demonstrate that HIV-1 infection of primary, human CD4+ lymphocytes causes G2 arrest in a Vpr-dependent manner and that this response requires ATR, as shown by RNA interference. The event leading to ATR activation in CD4+ lymphocytes is the accumulation of replication protein A in nuclear foci, an indication that Vpr likely induces stalling of replication forks. Primary macrophages are refractory to ATR activation by Vpr, a finding that is consistent with the lack of detectable ATR, Rad17, and Chk1 protein expression in these nondividing cells. These observations begin to explain the remarkable resilience of macrophages to HIV-1-induced cytopathicity. To study the in vivo consequences of Vpr function, we isolated CD4+ lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected individuals and interrogated the cell cycle status of anti-p24Gag-immunoreactive cells. We report that infected cells in vivo display an aberrant cell cycle profile whereby a majority of cells have a 4N DNA content, consistent with the onset of G2 arrest.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.