ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2006
CD40 induces macrophage anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity by triggering autophagy-dependent fusion of pathogen-containing vacuoles and lysosomes.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 176 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
176 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 310 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interplay of autophagy and Th1/Th2-mediated macrophage polarization in host-pathogen dynamics.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- CD40 ligand and interferon-γ induce an antimicrobial response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human monocytes.Immunology · 2013Trial
- Advances in the Role of the CD40-CD154 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The role of autophagy in protozoan infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- HIV-1 Tat favors the multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Toxoplasma by inhibiting clathrin-mediated endocytosis and autophagy.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Disruption of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in RPE Cells Increases Resistance to Ocular Toxoplasmosis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Review
- Host-parasite interaction in latent cerebral toxoplasmosis: The role of cytokine response in a mouse model.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Upregulated small GTPase immunity-associated proteins confer resistance toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Inhibition of Src signaling induces autophagic killing of Toxoplasma gondii via PTEN-mediated deactivation of Akt.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Tristetraprolin mediates immune evasion of mycobacterial infection in macrophages.FASEB bioAdvances · 2024Article
- Effective factors in the pathogenesis ofHeliyon · 2024Review
- Seasonality in Synergism with Multi-Pathogen Presence Leads to Mass Mortalities of the Highly EndangeredMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Overview of Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Inflammatory Processes inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Autophagy in protists and their hosts: When, how and why?Autophagy reports · 2023Article
- Systems biology of autophagy in leishmanial infection and its diverse role in precision medicine.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- IFN-γ production by brain-resident cells activates cerebral mRNA expression of a wide spectrum of molecules critical for both innate and T cell-mediated protective immunity to control reactivation of chronic infection withFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Disruption of retinal inflammation and the development of diabetic retinopathy in mice by a CD40-derived peptide or mutation of CD40 in Müller cells.Diabetologia · 2022Article
- Article
- IFN-γ stimulated murine and human neurons mount anti-parasitic defenses against the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii.Nature communications · 2022Article
116 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many intracellular pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondii, survive within macrophages by residing in vacuoles that avoid fusion with lysosomes. It is important to determine whether cell-mediated immunity can trigger macrophage antimicrobial activity by rerouting these vacuoles to lysosomes. We report that CD40 stimulation of human and mouse macrophages infected with T. gondii resulted in fusion of parasitophorous vacuoles and late endosomes/lysosomes. Vacuole/lysosome fusion took place even when CD40 was ligated after the formation of parasitophorous vacuoles. Genetic and pharmacological approaches that impaired phosphoinositide-3-class 3 (PIK3C3), Rab7, vacuolar ATPase, and lysosomal enzymes revealed that vacuole/lysosome fusion mediated antimicrobial activity induced by CD40. Ligation of CD40 caused colocalization of parasitophorous vacuoles and LC3, a marker of autophagy, which is a process that controls lysosomal degradation. Vacuole/lysosome fusion and antimicrobial activity were shown to be dependent on autophagy. Thus, cell-mediated immunity through CD40 stimulation can reroute an intracellular pathogen to the lysosomal compartment, resulting in macrophage antimicrobial activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.