Trial reportPharmaceutical research2006
Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of the analgesic effects of tramadol in pediatrics.
Trial report in Pharmaceutical research, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of the effects of axomadol and its O-demethyl metabolite on pupil diameter and nociception in healthy subjects.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2016Trial
- Role of Pharmacogenetics on Tramadol Pharmacokinetics: A Population Pharmacokinetic Model.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the effect of CYP2D6 and OCT1 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of tramadol: Implications for clinical safety and dose rationale in paediatric chronic pain.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic modeling of analgesics and sedatives in children.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2023Review
- Dose rationale for gabapentin and tramadol in pediatric patients with chronic pain.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the estimation and classification performance of NONMEM when applying mixture model for drug clearance.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2021Article
- Evaluation of the Effect of CYP2D6 Genotypes on Tramadol andPharmaceutics · 2019Article
- Opioids: A Review of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Neonates, Infants, and Children.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2019Review
- Article
- PBPK and its Virtual Populations: the Impact of Physiology on Pediatric Pharmacokinetic Predictions of Tramadol.The AAPS journal · 2018Article
- When the Safe Alternative Is Not That Safe: Tramadol Prescribing in Children.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Review
- Development of Human Membrane Transporters: Drug Disposition and Pharmacogenetics.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2016Review
- Pharmacokinetics of Tramadol and O-Desmethyltramadol Enantiomers Following Administration of Extended-Release Tablets to Elderly and Young Subjects.Drugs & aging · 2015Article
- Tramadol and o-desmethyl tramadol clearance maturation and disposition in humans: a pooled pharmacokinetic study.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2015Article
- Pharmacodynamic models for discrete data.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2012Review
- Population pharmacokinetic modeling of tramadol and its O-desmethyl metabolite in plasma and breast milk.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2011Article
- Sample size/power calculations for repeated ordinal measurements in population pharmacodynamic experiments.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2010Article
- Pediatric palliative care: use of opioids for the management of pain.Paediatric drugs · 2009Review
- Semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of the antinociceptive response in the presence of competitive antagonism: the interaction between tramadol and its active metabolite on micro-opioid agonism and monoamine reuptake inhibition, in the rat.Pharmaceutical research · 2008Article
- Use of a sparse sampling study design to assess transfer of tramadol and its O-desmethyl metabolite into transitional breast milk.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeThe efficacy of tramadol (T) in children is not clearly understood because it is still unknown the ability of that population to form the active metabolite O-demethyltramadol (M1) and, whether or not the parent compound has a contribution to the efficacy. The aim was to develop a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for T in pediatrics, identifying the main active components. MATERIALS AND
methodsOne hundred four children, mean age (4.55 years) received intravenously 1 mg/kg dose of T over 2.5 min at the end of surgery. If pain relief was inadequate, then an additional 0.33 mg/kg dose was given at 15, 30 and/or 45 min. Plasma samples and analgesic responses such as crying and movement were measured during a 6-h period.
resultsThe estimates of the apparent volumes of distribution of the central compartment and at steady state and total plasma clearance of T were 8 l, 46.2 l, and 15.2 l/h, respectively. M1 formation clearance represented only a minor elimination pathway of T. Effect site concentrations of T and M1 were found to be the best predictors of the movement and crying responses, respectively. Steady-state plasma concentration levels of T and M1 of 100 and 15 ng/ml were associated with a 95% probability of adequate pain relief.
conclusionsChildren have the ability to produce enough M1 to achieve proper pain relief. The response variables investigated give further evidence that not only the opioid effects of the metabolite are relevant, also the non-opiod effects of tramadol seem to give a significant contribution in its clinical use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.