ArticleBrain research2006
The compulsion zone: a pharmacological theory of acquired cocaine self-administration.
Article in Brain research, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide association study of cocaine self-administration behavior in Heterogeneous Stock rats.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Using cocaine and apomorphine self-administration in rats to measure the pharmacokinetics of competitive dopamine receptor antagonists administered by different routes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The ascending limb of the cocaine unit dose-response function in rats as an experimental artifact.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- SCH23390 and a humanized anti-cocaine mAb decrease the latency to cocaine-induced reinstatement of lever pressing behavior in rats that self-administer cocaine.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Differential Effect of Fixed Ratio Magnitude on the Rate of Lever-Pressing and Interinjection Intervals of Cocaine Self-Administration in Rats.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2023Article
- Discriminating goal-directed and habitual cocaine seeking in rats using a novel outcome devaluation procedure.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- The progressive ratio and fixed ratio 1 schedules of cocaine self-administration in rats convey the same information.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Choosing between cocaine and sucrose under the influence: testing the effect of cocaine tolerance.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- New directions in modelling dysregulated reward seeking for food and drugs.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Review
- Dramatic increase in lever-pressing activity in rats after training on the progressive ratio schedule of cocaine self-administration.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Methodological and analytical issues of progressive ratio schedules: Definition and scaling of breakpoint.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2021Article
- Hold-down as an alternative to unit dose in cocaine self-administration experiments: Characterization using a progressive ratio schedule.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Opening the cocaine economy by providing within-session access to a cheaper source of cocaine makes demand for it more elastic.Behavioural pharmacology · 2020Article
- Disrupting Glutamate Co-transmission Does Not Affect Acquisition of Conditioned Behavior Reinforced by Dopamine Neuron Activation.Cell reports · 2017Article
- Extended cocaine-seeking produces a shift from goal-directed to habitual responding in rats.Physiology & behavior · 2016Article
- The Roles of Dopamine and α1-Adrenergic Receptors in Cocaine Preferences in Female and Male Rats.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Article
- Basal ganglia circuit loops, dopamine and motivation: A review and enquiry.Behavioural brain research · 2015Review
- Sensitivity to self-administered cocaine within the lateral preoptic-rostral lateral hypothalamic continuum.Brain structure & function · 2015Article
- Effects of repeated cocaine exposure on habit learning and reversal by N-acetylcysteine.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In rats trained to reliably self-administer cocaine, the cumulative drug level was calculated during sessions in which cocaine was administered either contingently or non-contingently. During both types of sessions a high rate of responding was observed only when cocaine levels were above the priming threshold but below the satiety threshold. When the levels of non-contingently administered cocaine were maintained between the priming and satiety thresholds for at least 5 h rats continuously maintained high rates of responding. Although it is generally assumed that rats are responding for cocaine during self-administration sessions, the persistence of responding during non-contingent administration is consistent with responding being induced by cocaine. Therefore, in contrast to the basic assumptions underlying the operant theory of self-administration behavior, choice, contingency and reinforcement are not necessary to explain acquired cocaine self-administration. The presented data demonstrate that there is no ascending limb of the dose-response curve and that the cocaine priming and satiety thresholds delineate the lower and upper limits, respectively, of a cocaine "compulsion zone". It is concluded that the self-administration paradigm is the sum of cocaine induced responding and cocaine induced satiety and which of these cocaine-induced effects occur at any time is dependent on the cocaine level. This novel pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic theory provides a basis for a comprehensive understanding of the cocaine self-administration paradigm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.