ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2006
Population analysis of weight-, age-, and sex-related differences in the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir in children from birth to 18 years.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pharmacokinetics and virological efficacy after switch to once-daily lopinavir-ritonavir in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected children.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2011Trial
- Pharmacokinetics of high-dose lopinavir-ritonavir with and without saquinavir or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected pediatric and adolescent patients previously treated with protease inhibitors.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2008Trial
- Pharmacokinetic interactions between the potential COVID-19 treatment drugs lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol in rats.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2021Article
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug-Drug Interactions of Abacavir and Lamuvudine Co-administered With Antituberculosis Drugs in HIV-Positive Children Treated for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Determination of lopinavir/ritonavir concentrations in four different oral solutions for the application of antiretroviral therapy in very young, HIV-1-infected children.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2021Article
- Population Pharmacokinetics of Lopinavir/Ritonavir: Changes Across Formulations and Human Development From Infancy Through Adulthood.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Article
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug-Drug Interactions of Lopinavir-Ritonavir Administered with First- and Second-Line Antituberculosis Drugs in HIV-Infected Children Treated for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Observational
- Population pharmacokinetics of treosulfan and development of a limited sampling strategy in children prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Article
- Impact of obesity on antiretroviral pharmacokinetics and immuno-virological response in HIV-infected patients: a case-control study.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2017Article
- The effect of malnutrition on the pharmacokinetics and virologic outcomes of lopinavir, efavirenz and nevirapine in food insecure HIV-infected children in Tororo, Uganda.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2015Article
- Pharmacokinetics of lopinavir determined with an ELISA test in youths with perinatally acquired HIV.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2014Article
- Antiretroviral treatment, management challenges and outcomes in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2013Review
- Model-based approach to dose optimization of lopinavir/ritonavir when co-administered with rifampicin.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2012Article
- Role of the Pharmacist in Caring for Patients with HIV/AIDS: Clinical Practice Guidelines.The Canadian journal of hospital pharmacy · 2012Article
- Assessment of lopinavir pharmacokinetics with respect to developmental changes in infants and the impact on weight band-based dosing.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2012Article
- Population pharmacokinetics of lopinavir and ritonavir in combination with rifampicin-based antitubercular treatment in HIV-infected children.Antiviral therapy · 2012Article
- Lopinavir/ritonavir population pharmacokinetics in neonates and infants.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2011Article
- Pharmacokinetic optimization of antiretroviral therapy in children and adolescents.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2011Review
- Population pharmacokinetics of lopinavir in combination with rifampicin-based antitubercular treatment in HIV-infected South African children.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2010Article
- Population pharmacokinetics of lopinavir predict suboptimal therapeutic concentrations in treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus-infected children.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2009Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of lopinavir were investigated by the use of a population approach performed with the nonlinear mixed effect modeling program NONMEM and 157 children ranging in age from 3 days to 18 years. The pharmacokinetics of lopinavir were well described by a one-compartment model in which the absorption and the elimination rate constants were equal. Typical population estimates of the apparent volume of distribution (V/F) and plasma clearance (CL/F) were 24.6 liters and 2.58 liters/h, respectively. The lopinavir V/F and CL/F were both related to body weight (BW), with an important increase in weight-normalized CL/F for the lowest BW. Combined treatment with lopinavir and nevirapine was found to increase the CL/F. The lopinavir CL/F was also age and sex related, as a 39% increase was observed after the age of 12 years for boys compared to the CL/F for girls. The consequences of these pharmacokinetic discrepancies and the necessity to modify the currently recommended dosage regimen should be further investigated.
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