SynthesisDiabetes care2006
Disparities in HbA1c levels between African-American and non-Hispanic white adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Diabetes care, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02978807 (Establishing the Prevalance and Accuracy of Different Diagnostic Techniques for Gestational Diabetes in the Resource-constrained Setting of Eldoret, Kenya), which is not on this map. Cited by 189 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Establishing the Prevalance and Accuracy of Different Diagnostic Techniques for Gestational Diabetes in the Resource-constrained Setting of Eldoret, Kenya
Who cites it
189 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 333 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perceptions of risks for diabetes-related complications in Type 2 diabetes populations: a systematic review.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2017Pooled it
- Effect of ethnicity on HbA1c levels in individuals without diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Multilevel Intervention to Increase Patient Portal Use in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Who Access Health Care at Community Health Centers: Single Arm, Pre-Post Pilot Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Trial
- Relationship Between Average Glucose Levels and HbA1c Differs Across Racial Groups: A Substudy of the GRADE Randomized Trial.Diabetes care · 2024 · on this mapTrial
- Influence of red blood cell indices on HbA1c performance in detecting dysglycaemia in a Singapore preconception cohort study.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Emergency department visits in African Americans with mild cognitive impairment and diabetes.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2021Trial
- Impact of Baseline Glycemic Control on Residual Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and High-Risk Vascular Disease Treated With Statin Therapy.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Trial
- Post hoc efficacy and safety analysis of insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed- ratio combination in North American patients compared with the rest of world.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2019Trial
- Predictors of Insulin Initiation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: An Analysis of the Look AHEAD Randomized Trial.Journal of general internal medicine · 2018Trial
- Peer-Led, Empowerment-Based Approach to Self-Management Efforts in Diabetes (PLEASED): A Randomized Controlled Trial in an African American Community.Annals of family medicine · 2015Trial
- Design of a trial to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacists and community health promoters working with African-Americans and Latinos with diabetes.BMC public health · 2012Trial
- Factors influencing enrollment of African Americans in the Look AHEAD trial.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2012Trial
- Clinical pharmacists in diabetes management: What do minority patients with uncontrolled diabetes have to say?Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhATrial
- Integrating type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression treatment among African Americans: a randomized controlled pilot trial.The Diabetes educatorTrial
- Integrated management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression treatment to improve medication adherence: a randomized controlled trial.Annals of family medicineTrial
- Large-scale admixture mapping in the All of Us Research Program improves the characterization of cross-population phenotypic differences.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Development of a glycated hemoglobin prediction model using continuous glucose monitoring metrics in pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus: insights into average glucose and recent glycemic trends.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2026Article
- Ethnic and immigrant disparities in dialysis prevalence and chronic kidney disease trajectories in Toronto.BMJ open · 2025Observational
- Workplace Exposures Vary Across Neighborhoods in the US: Implications on Social Vulnerability and Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Positive emotional well-being and glucose control in a nationwide sample.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
129 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAmong individuals with diabetes, a comparison of HbA(1c) (A1C) levels between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites was evaluated. Data sources included PubMed, Web of Science, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, the Cochrane Library, the Combined Health Information Database, and the Education Resources Information Center. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe executed a search for articles published between 1993 and 2005. Data on sample size, age, sex, A1C, geographical location, and study design were extracted. Cross-sectional data and baseline data from clinical trials and cohort studies for African Americans and non-Hispanic whites with diabetes were included. Diabetic subjects aged <18 years and those with pre-diabetes or gestational diabetes were excluded. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the difference in the mean values of A1C for African Americans and non-Hispanic whites.
resultsA total of 391 studies were reviewed, of which 78 contained A1C data. Eleven had data on A1C for African Americans and non-Hispanic whites and met selection criteria. A meta-analysis revealed the standard effect to be 0.31 (95% CI 0.39-0.25). This standard effect correlates to an A1C difference between groups of approximately 0.65%, indicating a higher A1C across studies for African Americans. Grouping studies by study type (cross-sectional or cohort), method of data collection for A1C (chart review or blood draw), and insurance status (managed care or nonmanaged care) showed similar results.
conclusionsThe higher A1C observed in this meta-analysis among African Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites may contribute to disparity in diabetes morbidity and mortality in this population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.