ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1990
5-Azacytidine-induced reactivation of the human X chromosome-linked PGK1 gene is associated with a large region of cytosine demethylation in the 5' CpG island.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1990. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain Invasion and Trends in Molecular Research on Meningioma.Brain tumor research and treatment · 2023Review
- Identification of a DNA Methylation-Based Prognostic Signature for Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2021Article
- The 100 Most Cited Papers About Cancer Epigenetics.Cureus · 2020Article
- Lung Cancer Screening and Epigenetics in African Americans: The Role of the Socioecological Framework.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Article
- Exploring genetic moderators and epigenetic mediators of contextual and family effects: From Gene × Environment to epigenetics.Development and psychopathology · 2016Review
- Ordered chromatin changes and human X chromosome reactivation by cell fusion-mediated pluripotent reprogramming.Nature communications · 2016Article
- Murine diet/tissue and human brain tumorigenesis alter Mthfr/MTHFR 5'-end methylation.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2016Article
- The lncRNA Firre anchors the inactive X chromosome to the nucleolus by binding CTCF and maintains H3K27me3 methylation.Genome biology · 2015Article
- Characterization of tissue-specific differential DNA methylation suggests distinct modes of positive and negative gene expression regulation.BMC genomics · 2015Article
- Variable escape from X-chromosome inactivation: identifying factors that tip the scales towards expression.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2014Review
- Altered histone modifications in gliomas.Brain tumor research and treatment · 2014Review
- Decrease in cytosine methylation at CpG island shores and increase in DNA fragmentation during zebrafish aging.Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2014Article
- Impact of child sex abuse on adult psychopathology: a genetically and epigenetically informed investigation.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2013Article
- Chromosome-wide DNA methylation analysis predicts human tissue-specific X inactivation.Human genetics · 2011Article
- Hormonally mediated epigenetic changes to steroid receptors in the developing brain: implications for sexual differentiation.Hormones and behavior · 2011Review
- A genome-wide study of DNA methylation patterns and gene expression levels in multiple human and chimpanzee tissues.PLoS genetics · 2011Article
- Orphan CpG islands identify numerous conserved promoters in the mammalian genome.PLoS genetics · 2010Article
- Molecular epigenetics and genetics in neuro-oncology.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2009Review
- A novel CpG island set identifies tissue-specific methylation at developmental gene loci.PLoS biology · 2008Article
- Epigenetic predisposition to expression of TIMP1 from the human inactive X chromosome.BMC genetics · 2005Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hamster-human cell hybrids containing an inactive human X chromosome were treated with 5-azacytidine and derived clones were examined for phosphoglycerate kinase activity and cytosine methylation in the human PGK1 (X chromosome-linked phosphoglycerate kinase) gene. Comparisons between expressing and nonexpressing clones indicated that demethylation of several methylation-sensitive restriction sites outside of the 5' CpG island were unnecessary for expression. High-resolution polyacrylamide gel analysis of 25 Hpa II, Hha I, and Tha I sites revealed that all clones expressing PGK1 were unmethylated in a large region of the CpG island that includes the transcription start site and 400 base pairs upstream. Many nonexpressing clones had discontinuous patterns of demethylation. Remethylation was often observed in subclones of nonexpressing hybrids. These data suggest that a specific zone of methylation-free DNA within the PGK1 promoter is required for transcription. In addition, the presence of neighboring methylcytosines appears to decrease the heritable stability of unmethylated CpGs in this region.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.