ArticleInfection and immunity2006
Morphine withdrawal lowers host defense to enteric bacteria: spontaneous sepsis and increased sensitivity to oral Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost-consequence analysis of remifentanil-based analgo-sedation vs. conventional analgesia and sedation for patients on mechanical ventilation in the Netherlands.Critical care (London, England) · 2010Trial
- Prenatal Opioid Exposure and Immune-Related Conditions in Children.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Effect of repeated intraperitoneal injections of different concentrations of oxycodone on immune function in mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Different Classes of Antibiotics Have Varying Effects on the Risk of Developing Opioid Use Disorder: A National Database Study.Journal of substance use · 2023Article
- Pain and Opioid-Induced Gut Microbial Dysbiosis.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Opioid Use, Gut Dysbiosis, Inflammation, and the Nervous System.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2022Review
- Gut-Microbiome Implications in Opioid Use Disorder and Related Behaviors.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2022Review
- Pain, Motivation, Migraine, and the Microbiome: New Frontiers for Opioid Systems and Disease.Molecular pharmacology · 2020Review
- Opioid use potentiates the virulence of hospital-acquired infection, increases systemic bacterial dissemination and exacerbates gut dysbiosis in a murine model ofGut microbes · 2020Article
- Morphine Potentiates Dysbiotic Microbial and Metabolic Shifts in Acute SIV Infection.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2019Article
- A potential role for the gut microbiome in substance use disorders.Psychopharmacology · 2019Review
- The Role of Opioid Receptors in Immune System Function.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- [Postoperative opioids, endocrine changes,and immunosuppression].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2018Review
- Postoperative opioids, endocrine changes, and immunosuppression.Pain reports · 2018Article
- Disruption of gut homeostasis by opioids accelerates HIV disease progression.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Review
- Morphine induces bacterial translocation in mice by compromising intestinal barrier function in a TLR-dependent manner.PloS one · 2013Article
- Morphine decreases bacterial phagocytosis by inhibiting actin polymerization through cAMP-, Rac-1-, and p38 MAPK-dependent mechanisms.The American journal of pathology · 2012Article
- Immunosuppressive effects of opioids--clinical relevance.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2011Review
- Opioids and HIV/HCV infection.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2011Review
- Potentiating effect of morphine on oral Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection is μ-opioid receptor-dependent.Microbial pathogenesis · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding the consequences of drug withdrawal on immune function and host defense to infection is important. We, and others, previously demonstrated that morphine withdrawal results in immunosuppression and sensitizes to lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock. In the present study, the effect of morphine withdrawal on spontaneous sepsis and on oral infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was examined. Mice were chronically exposed to morphine for 96 h by implantation of a slow-release morphine pellet. Abrupt withdrawal was induced by removal of the pellet. In the sepsis model, bacterial colonization was examined and bacterial species were identified by necropsy of various tissues. It was found that at 48 h postwithdrawal, morphine-treated mice had enteric bacteria that were detected in the Peyer's patches (4/5), mesenteric lymph nodes (4/5), spleens (4/10), livers (6/10), and peritoneal cavities (8/10). In placebo pellet-withdrawn mice, only 2/40 cultures were positive. The most frequently detected organisms in tissues of morphine-withdrawn mice were Enterococcus faecium followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Both organisms are part of the normal gastrointestinal flora. In the infection model, mice were orally inoculated with S. enterica 24 h post-initiation of abrupt withdrawal from morphine. Withdrawal significantly decreased the mean survival time and significantly increased the Salmonella burden in various tissues of infected mice compared to placebo-withdrawn animals. Elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokines were observed in spleens of morphine-withdrawn mice, compared to placebo-withdrawn mice. These findings demonstrate that morphine withdrawal sensitizes to oral infection with a bacterial pathogen and predisposes mice to bacterial sepsis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.